gnome-terminal
Often I would like to open a new terminal in the directory i'm currently working in.
E.g. I'm working in ~/some/folder/ and I want to run some program, while at the same time keep a terminal at my disposal in the current directory.
Is there some way I can duplicate the current terminal, by some command or maybe a key combination?
I know, this is not a real answer to the question.
But it is an alternative to achieve what OP requests as Nautilus does not natively offer a solution:
There you can add a button in the Toolbar to open Terminal in current folder.
More on Nemo:
I have a terminal pinned to my Unity launcher sidebar on position 10. This way I can press Super+0 to "click" the launcher icon which brings the latest terminal window to the top.
If having it in the launcher is ok for you (one of the first 10 positions, otherwise it won't get a shortcut!), this will work.
Best Answer
Press Ctrl + Shift + T
This will open a new tab in GNOME Terminal with same directory(PWD)
Press Ctrl + Shift + N
This will open a new window of GNOME Terminal with same directory(PWD)