Ubuntu – How to create and use keyboard shortcuts in a Gtk app that I am developing

application-developmentgtkpythonshortcut-keys

I am creating an application for the Ubuntu App Showdown in Python + Gtk with quickly. I am calling it Discvur. I would have liked to include some keyboard shortcuts.

Searching the web, I found this page about AccelGroup and this page about gtk_widget_add_accelerator but I don't understand how to start with it. Could you tell me how I would define an appropriate signal and then use it in my application?

Best Answer

Here's some bits of code from one of my Python + Gtk apps, further extended according to the comments to this answer:

self.my_accelerators = Gtk.AccelGroup()
self.entry = Gtk.builder.get_object("entry1")
self.add_accelerator(self.entry, "<Control>b", signal="backspace")
...

def add_accelerator(self, widget, accelerator, signal="activate"):
    """Adds a keyboard shortcut"""
    if accelerator is not None:
        #if DEBUG:
            #print accelerator, widget.get_tooltip_text()
        key, mod = Gtk.accelerator_parse(accelerator)
        widget.add_accelerator(signal, self.my_accelerators, key, mod, Gtk.AccelFlags.VISIBLE)

Maintenance

They are both well maintained. The PySide produces a lot more regular releases at the moment: I think it's more closely linked to Qt than PyQt4 and as a newer project has a more active community at the moment. However, that is just my impression and it may be wrong.

PyQt4 has the option of commercial support available (I don't know whether this is true for PySide or not).

Licence

PyQt4 is released under either a commercial licence or the GPL; PySide is released under the LGPL. For commercial applications, this is a significant difference.

APIs and Python versions

PyQt4 supports two different APIs. API version 1 is the default for python 2.x applications and API version 2 is the default for python 3.x applications.

PySide only supports one API, which is roughly equivalent to PyQt4's API version 2. API version 2 (or the PySide API) is much nicer to work with than PyQt4's API version 1. In API version 1 you have a lot of code that casts python strings to QtCore.QStrings and back again. In API version 2 (and PySide) you just use python strings throughout. See below for a simple way of switching between PyQt4 and PySide if you want to play with both.

Most code I write seems to work equally well in PyQt4 and PySide. Historically, I had always used PyQt4 for python GUIs but most new stuff I write now uses PySide (mainly due to the more flexible licensing). I'd certainly recommend you try both and see how you find them. If you use QtVariant.py (below), switching between them is trivial and when you make a decision there will only be one file that needs updating.

Documentation

The documentation for both PyQt4 and PySide are auto-generated from the main Qt documentation. In my opinion, the PySide documentation is a better representation of what you actually use, but in practice I tend to just use the Qt documentation anyway (it's quite easy to mentally translate the C++ documentation to python).

External Libraries

If you're using external libraries, some do not work with PySide yet. There aren't many that you need to work with PySide to be honest, but a couple of years ago I wrote some code that used twisted (with the Qt reactor) and matplotlib and that forced me down the line of using PyQt4 rather than PySide. I think it's quite likely that these libraries will have been updated to support both by now, but I haven't checked.

Making Code work with either PyQt4 or PySide

Assuming you're using python 2.x, you can fairly easily make your code compatible with both PySide and PyQt4 by making a QtVariant.py and using:

from QtVariant import QtGui, QtCore

or whatever. The QtVariant.py that I use looks like this:

import sys
import os

default_variant = 'PySide'

env_api = os.environ.get('QT_API', 'pyqt')
if '--pyside' in sys.argv:
    variant = 'PySide'
elif '--pyqt4' in sys.argv:
    variant = 'PyQt4'
elif env_api == 'pyside':
    variant = 'PySide'
elif env_api == 'pyqt':
    variant = 'PyQt4'
else:
    variant = default_variant

if variant == 'PySide':
    from PySide import QtGui, QtCore
    # This will be passed on to new versions of matplotlib
    os.environ['QT_API'] = 'pyside'
    def QtLoadUI(uifile):
        from PySide import QtUiTools
        loader = QtUiTools.QUiLoader()
        uif = QtCore.QFile(uifile)
        uif.open(QtCore.QFile.ReadOnly)
        result = loader.load(uif)
        uif.close()
        return result
elif variant == 'PyQt4':
    import sip
    api2_classes = [
            'QData', 'QDateTime', 'QString', 'QTextStream',
            'QTime', 'QUrl', 'QVariant',
            ]
    for cl in api2_classes:
        sip.setapi(cl, 2)
    from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
    QtCore.Signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal
    QtCore.QString = str
    os.environ['QT_API'] = 'pyqt'
    def QtLoadUI(uifile):
        from PyQt4 import uic
        return uic.loadUi(uifile)
else:
    raise ImportError("Python Variant not specified")

__all__ = [QtGui, QtCore, QtLoadUI, variant]

Ubuntu – Unable to use IntelliJ IDEA keyboard shortcuts on Ubuntu

As a bit of reading taught me that Intellij IDEA is a keyboard-centric IDE. What it means, is that a use can work with it without having to touch the mouse. Also I manage find keymap setting.

For Ubuntu

See how to change keyboard shortcuts?

Here’s a list of tweaks you need to make with default system key bindings so that they won’t interfere with IntelliJ IDEA actions (listed in brackets).

Disable the Shade window action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + S (Settings dialog)

Change or disable the Lock Screen action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + L (Reformat code)

Change or disable the Launch terminal action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + T (Surround with)

Change or disable the Switch to workspace action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + Arrow Keys (Navigation)

Disable the Move window action, assigned to Alt + F7 (Find usages)

Change or disable the Resize window action, assigned to Alt + F8 (Evaluate expression)

Hope this helps!

Note: You can always revert Ubuntu shortcuts back to its default state. Just refer to How can I restore default keyboard shortcuts?, in case if you're lost.

Source: -- Intellij IDEA Keymap