Windows – The NTFS partition is in an unsafe state

The line in /etc/fstab in your case would be something like:

/dev/sda4  /media/A476FC2E76FC033A  ntfs-3g  uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=077,fmask=177

You may want to change some of these:

• You can replace /dev/sda4 by the UUID of the filesystem. Using a UUID has the advantage that if you ever plug in another disk which causes your current disk to appear as /dev/sdb, the fstab entry would still work.
• You can replace the mount point (second column) by a more meaningful name. Pick any empty directory. Note that the directory must exist.
• Replace uid=1000,gid=1000 by your user ID and group ID (you can see them with the commands id -u and id -g). These options cause all files to be owned by you, ignoring Windows file ownership (I don't think you can retain Windows file ownership with ntfs-3g).
• umask=077 causes files to be accessible only to you, not other users. umask=007 would cause files to be accessible only to you and other users in the group specified by gid. umask=0 (the default) allows anyone to read and write all files. umask=022 allows anyone to read but only you to write.
• fmask=177 makes files non-executable even to you.
• You may want to add other options.
• You can add two more columns 0 0 at the end, but they're optional. I only mention them because you might find them in some examples.

See the fstab man page for more information on the /etc/fstab file.

Once you've written the line in /etc/fstab, test it by running

sudo mount /media/A476FC2E76FC033A

The next time you reboot, the filesystem will be mounted automatically.

You can mount the Windows partition read-only. This will work even if it is hibernated (but of course you cannot update files or write new ones).

The reason you cannot mount the Windows C: drive is that with Fast-start Windows 8 is actually hibernating automatically for you - but only the system session. From a Linux point of view it's the same as if you hibernated yourself.

If you want to mount it read-write you have to Restart from Windows, not Shut down. Shutting down hibernates the system image, but Restarting does not.