Shell – Print random lines respecting the order of the source file

I guess you meant grep -f not grep -F but you actually need a combination of both and -w:

grep -Fwf ids.csv table.csv

The reason you were getting false positives is (I guess, you did not explain) because if an id can be contained in another, then both will be printed. -w removes this problem and -F makes sure your patterns are treated as strings, not regular expressions. From man grep:

   -F, --fixed-strings
          Interpret PATTERN as a  list  of  fixed  strings,  separated  by
          newlines,  any  of  which is to be matched.  (-F is specified by
          POSIX.)
   -w, --word-regexp
          Select  only  those  lines  containing  matches  that form whole
          words.  The test is that the matching substring must  either  be
          at  the  beginning  of  the  line,  or  preceded  by  a non-word
          constituent character.  Similarly, it must be either at the  end
          of  the  line  or  followed by a non-word constituent character.
          Word-constituent  characters  are  letters,  digits,   and   the
          underscore.

   -f FILE, --file=FILE
          Obtain  patterns  from  FILE,  one  per  line.   The  empty file
          contains zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.   (-f  is
          specified by POSIX.)

If your false positives are because an ID can be present in a non-ID field, loop through your file instead:

while read pat; do grep -w "^$pat" table.csv; done < ids.csv

or, faster:

xargs -I {} grep "^{}" table.csv < ids.csv

Personally, I would do this in perl though:

perl -lane 'BEGIN{open(A,"ids.csv"); while(<A>){chomp; $k{$_}++}} 
            print $_ if defined($k{$F[0]}); ' table.csv

I do not know if there is a more elegant method but this works for me:

mkfifo onerandom tworandom threerandom
tee onerandom tworandom threerandom < /dev/urandom > /dev/null &
shuf --random-source=onerandom onefile > onefile.shuf &
shuf --random-source=tworandom twofile > twofile.shuf &
shuf --random-source=threerandom threefile > threefile.shuf &
wait

Result:

$ head -n 3 *.shuf
==> onefile.shuf <==
24532 one
47259 one
58678 one

==> threefile.shuf <==
24532 three
47259 three
58678 three

==> twofile.shuf <==
24532 two
47259 two
58678 two

But the files must have the exact same number of lines.

The GNU Coreutils documentation also provides a nice solution for repeated randomness using openssl as a seeded random generator:

https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/Random-sources.html#Random-sources

get_seeded_random()
{
  seed="$1"
  openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pass pass:"$seed" -nosalt \
    </dev/zero 2>/dev/null
}

shuf -i1-100 --random-source=<(get_seeded_random 42)

However, consider using a better seed than "42", unless you want anyone else to be able to reproduce "your" random result, too.