Shell – Linux Shell fundamentals: How to check the file descriptors status, (where are redirected to) right now without lsof

UPDATE: Upon re-reading your question, I realized that I had answered a slightly different one. You want to know whether a service is running, and I had originally answered how to tell if a package was installed. To answer your actual question, it depends upon your init system.

1. systemd - the basic command is systemctl, which will list all services and their states, so you could either manually browse it manually or pipe it through a grep command, like so: systemctl | grep -e cgmanager -e cgproxy -e cgroupfs-mount. Or, as user muru suggests in the comments, simply systemctl status 'cg*'.

2. sysVinit - the basic command is service --status-all and the grep command would be service --status-all 2>&1 | grep -e cgmanager -e cgproxy -e cgroupfs-mount. Note that in this case, running services are denoted with a [+] prefix symbol. Also note that for the grep to work, the redirect 2>&1 must be made for the service command.

ORIGINAL ANSWER:

1. Maybe the simplest thing to do is try man cgroups. If that brings up a documentation page, then your host has the package installed. However, some installs are 'stingy' and don't install man pages.

2. You could try cgm and see if that produces output. Most installs of cgroups will include that command, but not necessarily.

3. You could look up the package list of your host distribution. On debian derivatives, that would be dpkg -l |grep cgroup, but occasionally a system will restrict access to root or sudo for dpkg.

There will be a lot of other ways.