Search for directories containing one file and missing another

(Your question is not clear: if a directory contains some.foo and some.bar, should it be deleted? I interpreted it as requiring such a directory to be kept.)

The following script should work, provided that no file name contains a newline and no directory matches *.foo. The principle is to traverse the directory from the leaves up (-depth), and as *.foo files are encountered, the containing directory and all parents are marked as protected. Any reached file that is not *.foo and not protected is a directory to be deleted. Because of the -depth traversal order, a directory is always reached after the *.foo files that might protect it. Warning: minimally tested, remove the echo at your own risk.

find . -depth -name '*.foo' -o -type d | awk '{
    if ($0 ~ /\.foo$/) {
        while (sub("/+[^/]+$", "")) {protect[$0]=1;}
    } else {
        if (!protect[$0]) {
            gsub("[\\\001-/]", "\\\\&"); # protect file names for xargs
            print;
        }
    }
}' | xargs echo rm -rf

_{For once, I'm not proposing a zsh solution.}

First, why your attempt doesn't work: -printf "%h\n" prints the directory part of the .avi file name. That doesn't affect anything in the subsequent -exec action — {} doesn't mean “whatever the last printf command printed”, it means “the path to the found file”.

If you want to use the directory part of the file name in that cp command, you need to modify the file name before passing it to cp. The find command doesn't have this capability, but a shell does, so make find invoke a shell which invokes cp.

find . -name "*.avi" -exec sh -c 'cp -Rp "${0%/*}" /share/USBDisk1/Movies/' {} \;

Note that you'll need to pass -r to cp since you're copying a directory. You should probably preserve metadata such as the files' modification time, too, with -p.

You may usefully replace cp -Rp by rsync -a. That way, if you've already copied a movie directory, it won't be copied again (unless its contents have changed).

Your command has a defect that may or may not affect you: if a directory contains multiple .avi files, it will be copied multiple times. It would be better to look for directories, and copy them if they contain a .avi file, rather than look for .avi files. If you use rsync instead of cp, the files won't be copied again, it's just a bit more work for rsync to verify the existence of the files over and over.

If all the movie directories are immediately under the toplevel directory, you don't need find, a simple loop over a wildcard pattern suffices.

for d in ./*/; do
  set -- "$d/"*.avi
  if [ -e "$1" ]; then
    # there is at least one .avi file in $d
    cp -rp -- "$d" /share/USBDisk1/Movies/
  fi
done

If the movie directories may be nested (e.g. Movies/science fiction/Ridley Scott/Blade Runner), you don't need find, a simple loop over a wildcard pattern suffices. You do need to be running ksh93 or bash ≥4 or zsh, and in ksh93 you need to run set -o globstar first, and in bash you need to run shopt -s globstar first. The wildcard pattern **/ matches the current directory and all its subdirectories recursively (bash also traverses symbolic links to subdirectories).

for d in ./**/; do
  set -- "$d/"*.avi
  if [ -e "$1" ]; then
    cp -rp -- "$d" /share/USBDisk1/Movies/
  fi
done