Linux – Running Cinnamon/X from command line —> No sound, software rendering

I am booting directly into the terminal of Linux Mint 17. Now I would like from there to start cinnamon gui. I do that with "startx". However, by doing that I do not have any sound (just "Dummy Output" in output devices) and I get the message telling me that Cinnamon is running in "Software Rendering mode".

Now, if I directly boot into the GUI, then everything works fine. Also if I run "sudo startx" it works fine, but then I'm logged in as root.

EDIT:
Here are the outputs for lsmod and service --status-all:

Directly booting into Cinnamon GUI: http://pastebin.com/qWRNVJ6c

Booting to terminal, then startx: http://pastebin.com/BuBDHin3

I am booting into the terminal by adding text into the grub.cfg, see this excerpt of /boot/grub/grub.cfg:

menuentry 'Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon 64-bit, 3.13.0-24-generic (/dev/sda3)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos3'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3  20503a34-3ca8-45dc-9c02-d397c327c85d
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 20503a34-3ca8-45dc-9c02-d397c327c85d
    fi
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=20503a34-3ca8-45dc-9c02-d397c327c85d ro quiet text
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic
}

The only thing I changed here is adding quiet text instead of quiet splash as it was generated from the Mint installation.