Tmux – Make Sessions Count from 1 Instead of 0

tmux

I have this setting:

# Number windows and panes starting at 1 so that we can jump to
# them easier.
set -g base-index 1
set -g pane-base-index 1

But I'd also like to have the same for switching tmux sessions. When I open the tmux session list it still starts on 0. Is it possible to not start session counting from 0 but from 1 instead?

Best Answer

You appear to be referring to the session group index, which is generated, and not used for telling tmux which session you would like to attach to.

It's used in the template for list-sessions:

"#{?session_grouped, (group ,}" \

and generated in session.c (and always starts at zero):

/* Find session group index. */
u_int
session_group_index(struct session_group *sg)
{
    struct session_group   *sg2;
    u_int           i;

    i = 0;
    TAILQ_FOREACH(sg2, &session_groups, entry) {
        if (sg == sg2)
            return (i);
        i++;
    }

    fatalx("session group not found");
}

but that value is used only in formatted output.

Related Solutions

How to cycle through panes inside a window in tmux like in screen

tmux and screen have different models so there is no exact equivalent.

In screen terms, a split lets you display multiple windows at the same time. next (C-a n) rotates windows through the active part of the split; this lets you rotate “hidden” windows through the active region of the split.

In tmux terms, a split divides a window into one or more panes. Each part of a split window is an individual pane, panes are never hidden (if a window is selected (visible) all its panes are, too), and a pane can only be used in a single split of one window (a pane can not be in multiple windows, and it can not be in multiple splits of the same window). There are commands to move panes around in (or between) windows, but not in an identical way to next in screen.

You could use a binding like the following to arrange a similar effect:

bind-key C-n swap-pane -s :+.top \; rotate-window -Ut :+

You will probably want to put this in your ~/.tmux.conf file, but you can just type/paste it after Prefix : to bind it in your current server instance.

To use the binding, pick your “main window”, split it, create a “pane container” window immediately after the “main window”, then use the binding to rotate any pane in the “main window” among the group in the “pane container” window.

Here is how you might create the setup:

Pick a window to use as your “main window”. Start (e.g.) Vim in it.
Split your “main window” into two panes.

E.g. Prefix " (:split-window)

You can use this pane as your testing window (or log viewer, or whatever).
Create a new window (the “pane container”) immediately after your main window.

E.g. Prefix c (:new-window)

It is important that no other window gets between the indexes of the “main window” and the “pane container” window (+ in the window specifiers used in the bound commands means “the next higher numbered window”).
Split this window into a number of panes. To rotate through three panes, split this window into two panes (the third pane is the one in the “main window”).

Maybe you need a shell for git, and a shell for running a database interface. Put each in a separate pane in this “pane container” window.
Switch back to your “main window”. Select the pane that you want to “rotate out”.

You can use Prefix Up/Down/Left/Right to move among the panes.
Invoke the binding to swap the current pane with the first pane in “pane container” window and (“behind the scenes”) rotate the panes inside the “pane container” window (so that the next time you run the binding, the first command swaps with the “next” pane in the sequence).

Prefix Control-n (the binding use C-n, but you could change this to whatever you like).
To scroll backwards through the panes, you can use the below:

bind-key C-p swap-pane -s :+.bottom \; rotate-window -Dt :+

Bash – How to configure bashrc to close all tmux sessions when I close the terminal

Option 1: use `.bash_logout`

In your .bash_logout file you can add tmux kill-server. This won't work if you aren't in a login shell, or if the shell is killed with SIGHUP.

Option 2: Use bash traps.

This option is probably more robust. Put the following code in your .bash_profile (assuming you use bash).

function close_tmux
{
    tmux kill-server
}
trap close_tmux EXIT

Links to Additional Resources On Traps

Some background on trap statements

A blog post with plenty of trap examples

A chapter on traps from a Bash scripting guide

A Unix & Linux Stack exchange question about traps