Ubuntu – When using && and sudo on the first command, is the second command run as sudo too

TL;DR: NO

The first command is

sudo some-command

The second command is

some-other-command

The command sudo takes the following command and executes it with elevated privileges. The &&, however, doesn't belong to a command and is interpreted by the shell, before executing the first command. It tells bash to first execute the first command, and on success the second one.

So the sudo doesn't know about the && some-other command. When the elevated process terminates, bash takes its return value, and then executes the other command, which again doesn't know of the first one.

This can be demonstrated easily:

$ sudo whoami && whoami
root
username

To reach what you want, you can start an elevated bash, and let it execute both commands:

$ sudo bash -c 'whoami && whoami'
root
root

So now, both commands are executed as root, as the whole process described above is executed in an elevated process, i.e. the bash session started with this command, which immediately exits after finishing. Still, the both whoamis don't know of each others existence.

This does not suit any purpose but for this demonstration, the easier way is to simply do

sudo some-command && sudo some-other-command