I had same issue and went through various files in home folder. And found following instruction in ~/.profile
# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.
I added necessary changes in .bash_login instead
So it seems that you may have to remove .bash_profile if its present or make these changes to .bash_login or point to to source as .bashrc in .bash_login
They use different systems and point to different directories, I refer you to this discussion on linux.com for more explanations.
Coming back to your problem, what you want to do is that the X font system management indexes also the other folder, like the new system does.
Unfortunately this is not straight-forward.
The X system uses bitmap font formats (according to this), so in principle you cannot use .ttf files straight away.
First you have to convert them to any of the formats stated above and then you can follow that guide to add them all to the underlying X system.
Please not that I did not try it, but also this other source seems pertinent here. You probably just have to pay attention that ttmkfdir does not exists anymore and it has been replaced (a long time ago, according to this) by mkfontdir and mkfontscale.
Best Answer
I encounter the same problem and the fonts-powerline package was missing. A
sudo apt-get install fonts-powerline
should solve the problem.