Ubuntu – the recommended method for getting & installing updates for an Alpha or Beta release

aptrelease-management

I am new and do not, of course, know a lot about installing and maintaining an Ubuntu release.

One of the "tricks" I have learned to use is sudo apt-get update followed by sudo apt-get upgrade to download and install updates for the installed software.

I recently installed beta 2 of Ubuntu 12.04 (precise pangolin ?) to a test disk/partition just to see what it was like. After the install I updated the software using the commands I listed above because, well, that is what I always do.

Was this a mistake? Are the alpha & beta releases of Ubuntu updated in a different way?

I recently saw reference to the dist-upgrade command for apt-get and decided I would try using that to update 12.04. A lot of programs were upgraded, including the kernel so I'm wondering if using just sudo apt-get upgrade was the wrong way to go for a release which is still under development.

Best Answer

Think of apt-get upgrade as a safe upgrade while testing candidate releases. You should use it normally for (mostly) daily upgrade process to keep your packages up to date without* breaking your system. The upgrade option is used only to update the packages already installed on your machine to a newer version.

apt-get dist-upgrade will not only upgrade all of the currently installed packages on your system but also handle the dependency changes for new versions of packages. It intelligently** will remove obsolete packages from your system and install any further necessary. During beta use this option with caution. Normally this function needed for upgrading from one distribution release to another.

_{* Without breaking is a big statement, remember, this is alphas or betas we are talking about.}
_{** Intelligently is definition but because all is beta extra caution should be taken.}

Precautions to take while upgrading a pre-release

Upgrade only using the terminal, at least you will know exactly what is going to happen before pressing Y and letting apt do changes to your system.
When running a apt-get dist-upgrade is needed (new kernel, major change on system packages, etc) make sure that you first run apt-get dist-upgrade -s to simulate and please read all the changes the upgrade will apply. If you see any weird changes (_I remember killing my system after a dist-upgrade asked me to remove some necessary system packages and the Ubuntu Software Center while 12.04 was in alpha 1) abort it and update you packages again in a few days.
Do not use the update manager while updating a pre-release. Make sure that you can read everything that is going to happen to your system before pressing Y.
Don't be too eager to update! Don't do it out of speed, this is a sensible process during a pre-release. Use caution and some patience when testing it.

When should you use a upgrade compared with a dist-upgrade?

Use a dist-upgrade when you know the pre-release just went from alpha to beta or the next scheduled step or in the "Wont update these packages" list during a apt-get upgrade there are new kernels and other major packages, be extra cautious of the list of packages that will be removed. If there is anything there that you are not sure, or that you think it might break your system abort it after the simulation and get your self informed via the forums or on the IRC channels before applying the changes.

If you need further help during the update period or just a quick chat to point you in the right direction during an pre-release system read the informationins this post

There's an issue with an Alpha/Beta Release of Ubuntu, what should I do?

Don't be hasty and be prepared all times, a backup or 2 are never too much to ask when testing.

Related Solutions

Ubuntu – Are the alpha or beta releases more/less stable than the daily builds

If you really don't know the difference between those two, I think you really shouldn't be using Ubuntu+1 after all. (quoting aking1012)

Daily builds are updated pretty live with changes in the main packages that are installed by default.

Alpha / Beta are snapshots of Ubuntu+1 in development. They are generally tested for issues in ISOs (but doesn't guarantee you anything, really). So you are better of using Alpha to install if you are hoping not to run into issues when installing.

Unless if you are really low in bandwidth and cannot afford to update after installing Alpha, you should just install Alpha. Then again, if you are low on bandwidth, updating Alpha would cost you more on bandwidth as well.

Just a closing pointer: If you run into issues with alpha / beta releases (which happens quite often), we can't help you much with the issues.

Ubuntu – How to upgrade from xserver-xorg-lts-saucy to xserver-xorg-lts-trusty

Actually the correct way is to first fix the broken packages, so that you can remove it properly, before you install the new package.

sudo apt-get install -f

once it has installed all the missing dependencies, then run:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

when it finishes, at this point you have two choices, manually remove the package you are having trouble with, or doing the full release upgrade, which is the recommended method.

so you can either go:

sudo apt-get remove xserver-xorg-lts-saucy
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-lts-trusty

or you can do:

sudo do-release-upgrade

In the worst case scenario, if you already did upgrade to 14.04, but the xserver are still stuck on the old release for whatever reason, you can do this crazy move to remove all xserver files, so that you can re-install from the repositories.

sudo apt-get remove xserver*

doing that will also remove your Unity or Gnome, or whatever desktop environment you have installed, so you'll have to reinstall your choice of desktop environment, and that will automatically get you the missing xserver packages.

if you like the unity desktop do:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

or if you prefer the gnome desktop do:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-deskop