Ubuntu – Is it possible to connect the phone via bluetooth and then call through the computer

Since you mentioned RJ11 this likely means you have a standard modem in your computer, this usually means that you need a softphone sometimes called a telephony application that uses the modem to accept and initiate calls using PSTN.

If you can find any such application for Ubuntu that you can install and run properly, what you ask may work, I do not know of any such application I could point you to, and if you are lucky to find anything it will likely be very old.

What is happening nowadays is that VOIP based softphones such as Skype and Ekiga has taken the focus, these phones use packet based methods to communicate meaning that they use your Internet connection to send and receive packets as opposed to a switched network.

When you say all works fine I suppose you mean the modem as well, in short If you do not have a telephony application that uses PSTN running or you modem does not work with Ubuntu then no.

I had this problem, too. I was trying to record my phone calls with OBS. After fiddling around with various audio sources, without paying too much attention, I was able to record the call. This wasn't much use to me because the audio didn't play through the speakers, plus for some reason placing the call disabled microphone input. At the time I regarded these as two separate issues.

I realized that this proves that the problem originates not on the Android side, nor in the Bluetooth transmission of the audio to Linux. The problem lies somewhere between PulseAudio and the speakers.

I investigated further and noticed something. When I played music from the phone, OBS detected it as audio output. But when I placed a phone call, OBS detected it as audio input. This explained both of my problems!

What I did was set OBS to output my microphone:

1. Connect your smartphone and computer with Bluetooth.
2. Install OBS: sudo apt install obs-studio.
3. In the "Sources" pane at the bottom of the screen, click the "+" sign to add a new audio source.
4. Select either "Audio Capture Device (ALSA)" or "Audio Input Capture (PulseAudio)".

5. You don't need to change anything on the "Create/Select Source" window that pops up, just click OK.
6. You don't need to change anything on the "Properties" window that pops up, just click OK.
7. A new set of bars will appear in the "Mixer" panel, the visualization showing that it is capturing your computer's microphone if you have one. Turn the volume down using the blue slider underneath it; you don't want feedback when we start outputting the microphone.
8. Click the settings gear next to the Audio Capture Device entry.
9. select "Advanced Audio Properties" on the menu.

10. Place a call from your smartphone.
11. In the window that pops up, select the "Audio Monitoring" drop down menu for "Audio Capture Device (ALSA)" and set it to "Monitor and Output". I found it works most consistently when the call is placed before the setting is changed.
12. The speakers should now start playing the call! Should. This doesn't always work. Sometimes I had to remove and re-add the audio source to make it work.

There is probably a better way to do this with VLC streaming.

This isn't the end of the story if you want to record the call, because the call still disables the microphone, so you can't record yourself speaking. I will update this answer if I figure out how to do that.