Ubuntu – I deleted the original user account. The new account has no password. How to enable it?

You're basically asking: "How to copy settings and files from my user account to a new user account, skipping some settings?"

Migrating to a new user account

To move files from user old to new, you need to copy over the files and change the ownership accordingly:

sudo cp -r -d --preserve=mode,timestamps -T ~old ~new
sudo chown -R new: ~new

This should copy the files without modifying paths.

Now log in to a shell as new. Either switch to a VTY using Ctrl + Alt + F1 and login as new or login from a terminal using su new. If you chose the first method, you can switch back with Ctrl + Alt + F7. From this point, it's assumed that you're logged in as new.

If symbolic links exist which point to their old directories, find those links:

find ~ -lname '*/old/*' -ls

The file names of the symbolic links are printed, but no action has been taken. To create a new symlink ~new/path/to/symlink pointing to ~old/point/to/target, overwriting the old one, run:

ln -sf ~old/point/to/target ~new/path/to/symlink

There could be configuration files referring to the old ones, you can find those files with grep:

grep -HrnI 'old' ~

If you get many results, consider being more specific, i.e. replace old by /home/old. Files will be listed with lines matching the search criteria, but no action is taken.

Debugging the old account

If you copy all settings and files, you're better off with removing the problematic files. For optimal results, it's a good idea to logout the subject user from a GUI session and log in a virtual console (switch to it using Ctrl + Alt + F1).

If you're suddenly being logged out, check ~/.xsession-errors. You can do so by running:

less ~/.xsession-errors

Use arrow keys, Page Up/Down, Home or End to navigate, press Q to quit.

Sometimes the .gconfd/saved_state file gets corrupt. You can remove this file with:

rm .gconfd/saved_state

After doing this, switch back to a GUI login by pressing Ctrl + Alt + F7. Log in and if the problem went away, you're done. Otherwise, log out and switch back to the virtual console using Ctrl + Alt + F1.

Another directory that can be emptied is ~/.cache:

rm -r ~/.cache/*

Instead of loosing all files and settings, temporary move some folders. That can be done with:

mv folder{,-orig}

If a folder was not causing issues, remove the newly created folder and restore the old one:

rm -r folder
mv folder{-orig,}

Some folders that could cause problems (some may be nonexistent, in that case skip to the next folder):

.gnome
.gnome2
.kde
.config
.local

As with every modification, switch back to a GUI login and test it.

You can use recovery mode to add the standard user to the admin group (which is now called sudo in 12.04). Below is a set of simple instructions copied from my personal website.

Using Recovery Mode To Add Users To The Admin / Sudo Group

First shutdown your computer.

Then restart whilst holding shift on the keyboard to load grub menu.

Select recovery mode from the grub menu.

Select drop to root shell from the recovery menu.

Use the following command to remount the drive mount -o rw,remount /

Now type adduser username sudo replacing username with your user name ie. 'adduser phil sudo'

You should now see a message saying 'adding user' followed by 'done'.

Type shutdown -r now to restart the computer.

EDIT: If it is telling you that user xxx does not exist, first you can use the following command to list users and make sure that you have the correct username

ls /home

The other option is add a new user, from recovery mode using the following commands :

useradd username -m -s /bin/bash  
passwd username
adduser username sudo

Again replacing username with your desired username.