The alternate row styling is simply commented out in the Ubuntu default themes.
Editing the theme file
Look for the /gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css file within your favorite theme.
- Custom themes that you installed should be located in ~/.themes (the home folder)
- The default Ubuntu themes are located in /usr/share/themes/.
Ubuntu 14.04 (Nautilus, Nemo)
Edit the gtk-widgets.css file in your theme folder. So with the Ubuntu default theme for example, that would be /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css. Find the following css rule around line ~2224, and add your chosen background color:
view row:nth-child(even){
/*background-color: @base_color;*/
background-color: #ECF2FD; /* <-- add this */
}
Ubuntu 13.04
For example, if you are using Ambiance then the file to edit is located at /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-3.0/gtk-widgets.css.
Uncomment the rules at approx. line 2181, from:
GtkTreeView row:nth-child(odd) {
/*background-color: shade (@base_color, 0.965);*/
}
To:
GtkTreeView row:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: shade (@base_color, 0.965);
}
Or use a #RRGGBB colour, the classic OS X light blue colour for example:
GtkTreeView row:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #ECF2FD;
}
Editing those rules will work for Nautilus 3.6, as well as Nemo. Nemo, by default, will not show alternating row styles as it will be using the Ubuntu themes.
Note that after editing the file you may have to close and reopen the file browser. If it doesn't work, try relogging. The themes appear to be cached so even if you switch themes with Ubuntu-tweak, it may not display the change immediately.
Using an alternative theme
If you prefer to avoid editing the files you can use an alternative theme. A really nice one is MediterraneanNight Series ("White" and "Night" are the closest to the light/dark themes).
Here's an example with MediterraneanNight White:

Best Answer
You can get back the full date by recompiling nautilus:
Change line 77 from
to
Rebuild and install modified package:
As always, you have to perform these steps every time there is an update for nautilus in Ubuntu.
Now, a full analysis of the problem:
The actual patch which caused this change is this one.
The function
nautilus_file_get_date_as_string
gains an extra gboolean parameter "compact" - when true the abbreviated date is returned.This function is never called directly - it is accessed through the wrapper function
nautilus_file_get_string_attribute_q
. This function takes attribute parameters like "date_modified". To accommodate the new signature ofnautilus_file_get_date_as_string
a new attribute is added "date_modified_full
". After this change, any code in nautilus which uses the file date string will get the abbreviated date.Finally, the file properties dialog is updated to use "date_modified_full" attribute.
So in order to have nautilus display the full date in list view, it is only necessary to change one line of code: in libnautilus-private/nautilus-column-utilities.c, line 77 from "date_modified" to "date_modified_full".
A slightly more useful patch could add a new column type which would show the full date, making this an optional feature, and only add 10 lines of code.