Do not copy my commands, you must type them in and use your tab key becuase my kernel may be different than yours. I explain play by play:
Open up a terminal and type:
sudo apt-get update
This update gives your computer a heads up of files you may need. But no files download, only information on what can be downloaded. If you didn't do this first, you may not have the latest link to security updates or the latest versions of software.
As you type, press the tab key, to finish your command. Start typing the command that will install build-essential. Once you get this far stop:
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-
The next part that should appear will be your Linux kernel. So open another terminal and type this:
uname -r
You should see something like this:
3.2.0-23-generic
Now go back to the other terminal and press tab as type. You should see your kernel pop up. Choose that one.
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic
Now type a space and add build-essential (don't forget use your tab for completion).
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.2.0-23-generic build-essential
Now hit enter and files will download that help you compile code.
Best Answer
build-essential is the main one that springs to mind.