I've just started using Lubuntu 13.10. It's the first time I've ever used Linux.
Can any of you send me a tutorial-video for new users or explain the basics to me?
Ubuntu Help – How to Find Help for New Users
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GNOME is using .Trash correctly as far as I understand - if you look in gio/glocalfile.c source you'd see that it does make an attempt to use the .Trash directory if it exists. Do note though that the directory has to have the correct permissions for users to be able to safely store trash files in it (and in safely here, I mean that other users won't be able to recover user's trashed files). For this GNOME requires that the .Trash directory must have the sticky bit set on it - see Trash Directories,note (1) in FreeDesktop.Org's Trash specification.
The main problem with the above approach, is that most r/w removable media you find is FAT, which doesn't support the sticky bit so the only way to handle this safely is to use a per user trash directory.
Regarding root Trash - I can't reproduce the problem you describe, it seems to work well for me.
Regarding /etc/fstab - I'm not sure what is the problem there: you should need to mess around with fstab, unless you want full control over where an external file system is mounted. Normally removable media is mounted automatically upon detection in /media for the user that is currently active, but it is then inaccessible to any other user. If you want a different setup then you should mess with the configuration file. I don't see how that relates to trash, though.
/dev is system directory that contains all Hardware device related files. Check out this manual for Ubuntu Filesystem Tree Overview and this also.
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Best Answer
If you want a quick and easy guide, click on the top left corner and then type
helpEnter and click the icon.For a more comprehensive guide, Getting Started with Ubuntu is one for the Ubuntu operating system. It is written under an open source license and is free for you to download, read, modify and share.
The manual will help you become familiar with everyday tasks such as surfing the web, listening to music and scanning documents. With an emphasis on easy to follow instructions, it is suitable for all levels of experience.
Download the Spanish language version of Getting Started with Ubuntu 13.10, Primeros pasos con Ubuntu 13.10 (155 pages, PDF).
Guia Basica de Ubuntu - 18.04, 20.04
¿Cómo instalar Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS?
Download the English language version of Getting Started with Ubuntu 14.04.
Download the English language version of Getting Started with Ubuntu 16.04
Ubuntu Documentation
Ubuntu documentation for Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Server
Release Desktop Server
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) HTML HTML and PDF
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) HTML PDF
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) HTML PDF
Ubuntu Community Help Wiki has useful wikis for new Ubuntu users.
Basic concepts
The same skills that Windows users learn are transferable to new Ubuntu users.
Don't install crap. Installing crap makes more problems than it solves. Use the default Ubuntu repositories as a source for packages to install.
Be zealous about not adding unnecessary PPAs to your software sources. This prevents package management issues.
Don't use root privileges except when required. Misusing root privileges is a major security risk.
Keep your system up-to-date and upgrade or reinstall the operating system when it reaches end of life.
Don't use weak passwords or reuse the same password in multiple websites.