Ubuntu – Are Intel HD 4000 graphics supported on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

The Intel cards are automatically detected and installed in Ubuntu, no need to install further drivers. See this question if you want them to be recognised in System Info.

However, if you feel that you want to install a more recent driver (I dont recommend this if you do not know how to recover from a broken graphics driver) you can add the xorg-edgers fresh X crack PPA and update your system with the packages from there.

To do that open a terminal and use these commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Reboot with

sudo reboot

Again, do this only this with extra caution!

The Xorg.0.log's you have posted show us the cause of the issues with graphics performance in your current installation, specifically, the following line indicates problems between your kernel and X drivers:

[    10.800] (EE) GLX error: Can not get required symbols.

When you boot from the live CD you are running properly matched drivers and logs. You have no (EE) lines in your Xorg.0.log and, as a result, you have appropriate graphics performance.

To address the issues you are experiencing both with the Intel graphics and with your Thunderbolt based video card I suggest that you try the 12.10 live CD (and, if even moderately successful, installing it).

http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.10/

The fix that you need for thunderbolt is merged into the 12.10 kernel:

http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git?p=ubuntu%2Fubuntu-quantal.git&a=search&h=HEAD&st=commit&s=c61e2775873f603148e8e998a938721b7d222d24

Hopefully this will allow you to use both video cards successfully.