On my work, Windows Explorer can show preview of Microsoft Office documents using Windows Explorer's preview panel (View > Press "preview panel" icon and select a Microsoft Office file). That computer has Microsoft Office 2010 and Windows 10, 10240 update.
But on my computer I have Windows 10, 10586.63 update with LibreOffice 4.4.5.2, and I cannot preview .DOC or .XLS files, nor .ODT or .ODS files on Windows Explorer's preview panel.
Best Answer
I'm afraid, it isn't possible at the moment, because there is no extension developed yet. You can keep track of the development here: https://bz.apache.org/ooo/show_bug.cgi?id=107602 (and vote on the issue, to receive more attention)
However, there is a possibility, that may seams a little odd. It is, in my eyes, an overkill, but could be worth a shot, if you really want it. As it turns out, Microsoft Office has a preview handler for .odt files, so you could install MS Office (to preview the files) and still use Libre Office to open/edit them. You could download the test version from here: https://products.office.com/en-us/try (adjust the en-us stuff to your own locale, if you like), install it and I think it should work that way. Unfortunately I don't have a Win 10 machine to test it and I'm not sure, what happens after the testing period. My guess would be, that you can't open Word any more, but the preview handler shouldn't be affected by this.