Windows 10 installation with Ryzen 5

I am frustrated.

I just assembled a PC with the following setup:

• Ryzen 5 1600 3.2GHz 6C
• MSI B350M Gaming Pro AM4 Motherboard
• Corsair Vengeance LPX 16GB (2x8GB) DDR4-3000
  • Clocked at 2133MHz (3000 not available)
• Samsung 850 EVO 500 GB SSD
• Corsair CXM 450W 80+ power supply

I set the boot mode to 'UEFI only' and tried to install Windows 10 from a USB stick. The installation works fine until the first reboot:

1. The Windows 10 Logo appears and it says 'Getting devices ready'. (~10 sec)
2. Windows Logo + 'Getting ready' (~1-2min)
3. PC reboots
4. Windows Logo + 'Preparing automatic repair'
5. Windows Logo + 'Diagnosing your PC'

So the installation appeared to work properly.
After that I can't get Windows to boot.

There are no Bluescreens to give any hints as to where the problem is.

What I tried:

• Re-Installing Windows
• Installing in UEFI+Legacy
• Installing Windows 7 (hangs while making some 'registry changes')
• Updating motherboard BIOS

I appreciate any tips or experience reports. Thanks in advance!