Linux – Where is the Windows bash directory in Windows

You need to convert the line endings of /mnt/c/Users/Philipp/.aliases_win from windows format (CRLF) to unix format (LF). You can do this with sed (this will overwrite the file):

sed -i 's/\r$//' /mnt/c/Users/Philipp/.aliases_win

Explanation:

The reason bash says : command not found is because it interprets the carriage return on the "blank" lines in your windows-formatted file as the name of a command. You can test this for yourself in the bash shell by typing CTRL-V, CTRL-M and then hitting enter (CTRL-M or ^M corresponds to a carriage return, see man console_codes).

Once you removed all the blank lines, you were left with just a few alias commands, which gave you : File or directory not found after executing the aliases because the carriage return on the end of the alias lines was actually added into the alias. For example, the line alias ..='cd ..'<CR><LF> made .. an alias for cd ..<CR>, which does not go to the parent folder .. but instead tries to change to the directory with the name ..<CR>. The error message when running this alias doesn't start with the typical bash: cd: foldername because echoing the carriage return in the folder name causes the cursor to return to the beginning of the line; try something like echo aaaa<CR>bb to see this more clearly.

The setup file for Windows 10 Anniversary Update is in 'C:/Windows10Upgrade' as an ESD file format. While downloading the update through the tool, it keeps on saving the downloaded materials in the ESD file. So, don't worry if you had to cancel the download in between. It will always resume even after you cancel the download in the tool. If you are quite apprehensive of this then you can COPY the 'Windows10Upgrade' folder in an external storage device as a backup. When you start the download again, I'm sure it will resume again. But if it doesn't then you can paste the backed up folder in the C: and then the download will resume.

After you install the Update the ESD install file is usually treated as a temporary file by Windows. So, it deletes to allow more space. If you want to keep a backup then you should keep it before installing the updates.