NAS / RAID / Backup Scheme

backupnasraid

I want a failproof backup scheme for my home business. This is the scheme i have come up with so far:

  • Workstation:

    C:\ SSD Drive 1: for OS
D:\ SSD Drive 2: for Current Projects

  • NAS

    L:\ HDD Drive 1: Libraries and components        
I:\ HDD Drive 1: Incremental backups (Of Working projects)
R:\ HDD Drive 1: Archive (archived projects, data etc + Incremental)

X:\ HDD Drive 2: Copy of Libraries and components        
Y:\ HDD Drive 2: Copy of Incremental backups         
Z:\ HDD Drive 2: Copy of Archive

So the second hard drive in the NAS is just a synced or RAIDED copy of the first drive. The whole idea is to have a THIRD NAS DRIVE, which is also a copy of the first NAS drive. This third drive is kept at a friends home. Every week, I'll take out the updated NAS drive, switch it with the old one my friend has, install the old one in the NAS, and update it again.

As far as I know, this will guard against every possible failure:

  • Disk failure / accidental overwrite: Use inceremntal backups
  • Theft / Fire : Use the Disk at friends home

Now my question :

I've never used a NAS or RAID. Is it even possible to switch the drives as described above ??
Also, should I manually sync the drive with special software, or use RAID to sync the 2 drives ?

EDIT: First of all, don't go NAS because its TOO SLOW (Network!?). Secondly, don't use RAID. http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/nas/nas-basics/30060-smart-sohos-dont-do-raid

Best Answer

Normally, the way this is done is something like this:

1) RAID array with 1 or more redundant drives (so RAID 5 or 6) - allowing one or two drives to fail at once without data loss. Sometimes, this is done with RAID 10 which is effectively two arrays, you can lose more drives, but only if they're from different arrays. Given the rest of the scheme, 5 or 6 should be ok. It depends on the amount of data, costs, performance requirements, etc.

2) Offsite backup: Basically, take a full copy of the data and store it elsewhere.

Regarding theft, you need to allow for the data's security, so the offsite backup at least should use full disk encryption (if applicable).

Regarding your current setup (and the proposed one), do you need to allow for accidental deletes? You need to make sure removing a file won't automatically remove it from all your other copies. Same goes for file corruption.

If you use RAID 1 (i.e. mirroring), it should be possible to swap drives out and automatically sync the data, but personally, I wouldn't do this for the reasons above. What I'd do (and in fact do) is to use RAID 5 to aid in hardware failures, take a manual copy once a month which stays on site, and an encrypted copy once every 3 months which goes off site. If my data was super important, I'd likely go with RAID 10 rather than 5, but restore times aren't an issue for me.

Re: restore times. Having the entire array offsite on an encrypted drive is ok, but can you afford the downtime to restore it?

As for swapping drives, I use a case which holds the drives and has a slot in it which takes a SATA drive. Pop it in, do the backup, and hit the eject button. Done! SATA drives are handy like that as you can hot swap them.

Overall, I'd say your incremental backup approach, combined with RAID 5 and an offsite (maybe encrypted) would be good enough. But practice RAID skills on a virtual machine or similar, as if you need it, you may really need it.

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