Linux – How to increase disk size allocation on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Virtualbox VM

disk-spacelinuxpartitioningUbuntuvirtualbox

I created a new Ubuntu 16.04 VM using virtualbox and created a single VDI disk of 20GB which was fixed sized. During the Ubuntu setup wizard I opted to accept all of the default partitions and disk configuration and completed the setup.

Once running on the VM I started installing and updating various packages until eventually I was presented with a error message stating that root was running low on space.

When I checked the Disk Usage Analyser I could see that despite the VDI disk being allocated 20GB up front the root partition was only 5.3 GB in size.

  • What is the best way to increase the root partition on the VM so that
    I am using all of the space available?
  • How do I ensure that I do not increase it beyond the total VDI disk which is 20GB?
  • Why when looking at the System "Details" it is reporting Disk as 12.5 GB?

I tried downloading gparted but unfortunately it is not longer available on Ubuntu 16.04:

VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-get install gparted
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package gparted

Edit:

Output of df:

VirtualBox:~$ df
Filesystem                  1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev                          4067824       0   4067824   0% /dev
tmpfs                          817540    9404    808136   2% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root  11758232 5151864   5986032  47% /
tmpfs                         4087696   61000   4026696   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs                            5120       4      5116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                         4087696       0   4087696   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                      482922  106763    351225  24% /boot
tmpfs                          817540      64    817476   1% /run/user/1000

Output of lsblk

VirtualBox:~$ lsblk
NAME                  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                     8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1                  8:1    0  487M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                  8:2    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5                  8:5    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─ubuntu--vg-root   252:0    0 11.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 252:1    0    8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0                    11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

Update: 27/09/2016

I have followed instruction from user4556274 and this appears to have worked, see results below:

VirtualBox:~$ sudo swapoff -v /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
[sudo] password for leigh: 
swapoff /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
VirtualBox:~$ sudo lvm lvreduce /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1 -L -6G
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce swap_1? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/swap_1 changed from 8.00 GiB (2048 extents) to 2.00 GiB (512 extents).
  Logical volume swap_1 successfully resized.
VirtualBox:~$ sudo mkswap /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
mkswap: /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2 GiB (2147479552 bytes)
no label, UUID=9f184d9a-f660-4a8d-965d-7abd6989b531
VirtualBox:~$ sudo swapon -va
swapon /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1
swapon: /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: found swap signature: version 1d, page-size 4, same byte order
swapon: /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: pagesize=4096, swapsize=2147483648, devsize=2147483648
VirtualBox:~$ sudo lvm lvextend -r -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/root changed from 11.52 GiB (2949 extents) to 17.52 GiB (4485 extents).
  Logical volume root successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root is now 4592640 (4k) blocks long.

VirtualBox:~$ df
Filesystem                  1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev                          4067824       0   4067824   0% /dev
tmpfs                          817540    9404    808136   2% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root  17951716 5389732  11694420  32% /
tmpfs                         4087696     248   4087448   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                            5120       4      5116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                         4087696       0   4087696   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                      482922  106763    351225  24% /boot
tmpfs                          817540      76    817464   1% /run/user/1000
VirtualBox:~$ lsblk
NAME                  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                     8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1                  8:1    0  487M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                  8:2    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5                  8:5    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─ubuntu--vg-root   252:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 252:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0                    11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

However when I check the Disk Usage Analyser it is still reporting a problem with the root share, see screen shot below:

Disk Usage Analyser Screen Shot

Any ideas?

Best Answer

Your 20 GB virtual disk is divided in 3 substantial partitions: 0.5 GB for /boot, 11.5 GB for what will be visible as your main disk /, and 8 GB for a swap partition (presumably added by the installer by default because you have 8 GB of RAM assigned to this VM).

If you would like 20 GB in usable filesystem space in this system, you could start by allocating a 30 GB virtual disk, which will leave just over 20 GB after swap and /boot are accounted for.

On the other hand, if you are confident that your system can run fine with a smaller amount of swap, you can reduce swap and extend the primary lvm partition. Ensure all valuable data is backed up before modifying partition tables on any machine.

As an example, to reduce swap to 2 GB and extend the primary lvm partition to 17.5 GB, do something like the following. Double check all paths against your own system, and read the relevant man pages; don't blindly copy-paste this recipe.

## turn off swap, reduce by 6 GB, reswap

$ sudo swapoff -v /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
$ sudo lvm lvreduce /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1 -L -6G
$ sudo mkswap /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
$ sudo swapon -va

## next add the space which has been free'd up to the primary lvm partition.
## the -r option should resize the filesystem on the partition to match the new partition size

$ sudo lvm lvextend -r -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/root

How do I ensure that I do not increase it beyond the total VDI disk which is 20GB

Not to worry; from within your VM, you will only see the disks allocated to this machine by the host virtualbox. In normal use, the virtual machine cannot "steal" resources from the host.

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