Almost anything is possible, however, Windows does not natively support USB 3.0 drivers, so it might get a bit complicated.
The following is adapted from one of William Hilsum's posts.
This gets quite advanced, I hope you have a working knowledge of command prompt. I would recommend you add the various Microsoft directories to your path, or run the Windows PE Tools Command Prompt instead of the standard one. If I loose you at any point, please comment and I'll be happy to help.
What I recommend you do is download the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit, and then your USB drivers.
Once you've done that, load the Deployment Workbench and load the WAIK (Windows Automated Installation Kit).
Once this is downloaded, you can use the "copype" command to copy the required Windows PE files to a staging folder. Assuming you wanted c:\win_pe_32 you would use:
copype.cmd x86 c:\win_pe_32
For 64 bit use:
copype.cmd x64 c:\win_pe_64
(I won't give two versions from now on, simply use common sense and replace 64 with 32!)
This will basically copy the required Windows PE files to the folder above.
Next, we need to mount the boot.wim file (The part that actually loads Windows PE). Do this with the ImageX command:
imagex /mountrw c:\win_pe_32\winpe.wim 1 c:\win_pe_32\mount
This will mount the Wim file to the \mount directory.
To load the driver, have the path to the .inf file and run:
peimg /inf=<path> c:\win_pe_32\mount\Windows
If you explore this folder, you can add additional files if you wish. Personally, I include ImageX so it is available from Windows PE.
Now commit the changes by typing:
imagex /unmount c:\win_pe_32\mount /commit
Now you simply overwrite the default boot.wim file with the winpe.wim you just changed.
copy c:\win_pe_32 c:\win_pe_32\iso\sources\boot.wim
Lastly, we use the Microsoft Mastering tool with the following command:
oscdimg -n -bc:\win_pe_32\etfsboot.com c:\win_pe_32\iso c:\win_pe_32\winpe_32.iso
Congratulations! You now have a new bootable Windows PE iso file with the drivers included.
You can burn this to disk, and hopefully, everything should work as long as the driver is compatible with Windows PE.
Basically they're physically incompatible on the motherboard side, but there's very little stopping a USB 2.0 device or connector being used with a USB 3.0 header with an appropriate adaptor - a quick google search reveals there's quite a few appropriate adaptors with a USB 3.0 female to USB 2.0 male adaptor.
If you want a USB type A Male to usb male header, for use with that PCI cards try this search. You should be able to plug in the header on the device side to the male header, and plug that right in.
So yes, physical incompatibility aside, USB 2.0's pin out is a subset of USB 3.0, and with the appropriate parts, you can, in fact, plug in a USB 2.0 plug into a USB 3.0 header on the motherboard.
Best Answer
If the panel only needs a standard USB 3.0 header connection, then yes, you can buy an adapter to connect it to a USB 2.0 header. The result should be exactly the same as if connecting a 3.0 extension cable to a 2.0 port or vice versa – all of the 3.0 extra pins will remain unconnected, and devices will work in USB 2.0 mode.
However, the available power will also be limited to what USB 2.0 normally provides, and that might not be enough for all ports to work.
It would be better to buy a PCI-Express card with a USB 3.0 controller – some of them have an internal USB 3.0 pin header (or even two) in addition to the standard external ports.