Is there any way to access them online WITHOUT Chrome? I mean open some page in other browser and view them?
Or way to sync them to some service (like Raindrop or Palapy) not via file but through API?
I found only this page where you view stats but not bookmarks themselves.
Best Answer
As of today I could not Access my "Google Chrome Bookmarks" online without Chrome but there is a way around it.
The basic idea is you download a .html file containing your chrome bookmarks from google's database. Here is a step by step instructions that is valid now but google might modify the process and in that case look for a way to export your data from google. During export select only your Chrome Bookmarks.
You can now use "bookmarks.html" file to import bookmarks in other browser, which you currently have access, to import chrome bookmarks.
Keep in mind https://www.google.com/bookmarks/ is different from the bookmarks you have in your chrome browser.