Why can’t I establish a connection to the local oracle database from within the pre-built oracle virtual machine

javaoracleoracle-12c

I downloaded DeveloperDaysVM2016-06-02_13.ova from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/databaseappdev-vm-161299.html and successfully loaded it into Virtual Box.

I logged in as "oracle" user and I can see the desktop.

From within the virtual machine, I opened Firefox and navigated to:

http://localhost:8080/ords/hrrest/employees/ and successfully received a list of employees in JSON format. So I know the database is up and running.

Now I am trying to connect to this database via the "ojdbc6.jar" Java connector/driver from Netbeans (see image below). However,

when I enter in

username:hr
password:oracle
SID:orcl12c
URL: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl12c

I get an error message indicating

"Unable to add connection. Cannot establish a connection to
jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl12c using
oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver (ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon
denied"

But this doesn't make any sense because I was able to successfully login from the terminal: 

sqlplus hr

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jul 7 17:21:07 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: oracle
Last Successful login time: Thu Jul 07 2016 16:33:31 -04:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

Why can't I login via the java connector from netbeans?

I also checked 

lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 07-JUL-2016 17:22:12

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                05-JUL-2016 16:48:08
Uptime                    2 days 0 hr. 34 min. 4 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           orcl12c
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/vbgeneric/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=vbgeneric)(PORT=8081))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl12c" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl12c", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl12cXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ords" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@vbgeneric oracle]$

So what am I doing wrong? Everything seems to be up and running correctly in this pre-built virtual machine.

enter image description here

Best Answer

This is the same story over and over again. Oracle uses the multitenant architecture in this VM and they set the environment variable TWO_TASK. This causes a lot of confusion.

When you connect as sqlplus hr, the value of TWO_TASK is automatically appended to the connection string, and you are connecting to SERVICE_NAME=ORCL and not SID=ORCL12 or SERVICE_NAME=ORCL12. The user hr was created in the ORCL pluggable database. With SID=ORCL12 or SERVICE_NAME=ORCL12, you connect to the root container, where this user does not exist, hence you receive the ORA-01017 error.

enter image description here

So instead of the connection string:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl12c

Use this for connecting:

jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521/orcl

Note the /orcl instead of :orcl12c.

: specificies an instance connection (SID), while / speficies a service connection (SERVICE_NAME). You have to specify the service name when connecting to a pluggable database, because multiple pluggable databases share the same instance, and the name of the service is what differentiates them.

enter image description here

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