Using SQLite ODBC without installing a driver

Turns out the issue was with an assembly created with 'Unrestricted' permissions, when trying the ODBC connection under Excel I received a more verbose error related to a .NET error and this assembly, changing the 'Permission set' to 'Safe' seemed to solve the problem.

[Not really an answer as I'm just stating the obvious but I don't have enough rep to comment.]

The four driver files are the ODBC driver, the JDBC driver, and the 32 and 64-bit OLEDB drivers. The ODBC driver is of course the correct one but there's a small check box in one of the installer dialogs which allows you to choose 32-bit and/or 64-bit. Did you select the correct one?

I've just tried this on Windows Server 2012 and Windows 7 and both work exactly the same for me without any extra steps. The driver I have is called nsqlodbc.dll, version 7.0.0.27274, in C:\Windows\System32 (and I also have a 32-bit version in C:\Windows\SysWOW64). I can connect from both the 32-bit and 64-bit ODBC Data Source Administrator tools although I got my password wrong several times so that's certainly worth checking.

Have you also checked that the advanced options are the same, SSL for instance?

Possibly there's a security setting on your Server box that's preventing the connection but on 2012 Server there didn't appear to be anything by default.