Trigger to automatically add values to a table in Oracle

You can create a new user/schema using create user clause and then start creating database tables and other objects into this schema. I would not recommend you to exploit hr schema, I would keep that schema intact and use it for testing purposes.

If you query the table you're inserting into inside a trigger on that same table, you are likely to get "ORA-04091: table name is mutating, trigger/function may not see it." error. Check constraints cannot contain subqueries. Therefore your best option is to encapsulate logic for inserting data into a stored procedure and use that procedure instead of direct inserts.

I can assist you with writing the procedure, however, it seems to me that you have a logical flaw in your data model. Your example data shows that my_id is not a unique key for the table but rather that many rows may share the same value for my_id. So if one row with my_id = 1 has field_2 set to some value and for some other row field_2 is null, what is to be done? Don't you have a primary key in your table?

Anyways, if you want literally what you wrote in your post, you could do with something like

create or replace procedure my_practice_table_insert(p_my_id in number, p_field_2 in varchar2, p_field_3 in varchar2)
is
    l_cnt number;
begin
    if p_field_2 is null then
        select count(*) into l_cnt from my_practice_table where my_id = p_my_id and field_2 is not null;
    else
        select count(*) into l_cnt from my_practice_table where my_id = p_my_id and field_2 is null;
    end if;

    if l_cnt = 0 then
        insert into my_practice_table(my_id, field_2, field_3) values(p_my_id, p_field_2, p_field_3);
    end if;
end;

I didn't actually try out the procedure so it may have slight errors, but that's the general form it could take.