I'm new to database administration so please excuse any omissions of what would seem like basic info to provide for this problem.
I'm a RoR developer and our team is currently short a DBA, so we're all filling the role.
We have a couple large databases with tables ranging anywhere from 50k rows to 84 million rows.
I'm trying to tune our settings for the server we're running on, and would appreciate any help or advice or areas to research.
I'm mostly looking for low-hanging fruit here that we could improve until we can hire a full time DBA to handle this kind of stuff.
**Server Statistics:**
Ubuntu 10.04
8 CPUs
32 GB RAM
**Show Variables Output**
auto_increment_increment 1
auto_increment_offset 1
autocommit ON
automatic_sp_privileges ON
back_log 50
basedir /usr/
big_tables OFF
binlog_cache_size 32768
binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates OFF
binlog_format STATEMENT
bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608
character_set_client latin1
character_set_connection latin1
character_set_database latin1
character_set_filesystem binary
character_set_results latin1
character_set_server latin1
character_set_system utf8
character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection latin1_swedish_ci
collation_database latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server latin1_swedish_ci
completion_type 0
concurrent_insert 2
connect_timeout 20
datadir /var/lib/mysql/
date_format %Y-%m-%d
datetime_format %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s
default_week_format 0
delay_key_write ON
delayed_insert_limit 100
delayed_insert_timeout 300
delayed_queue_size 1000
div_precision_increment 4
engine_condition_pushdown ON
error_count 0
event_scheduler OFF
expire_logs_days 10
flush OFF
flush_time 0
foreign_key_checks ON
ft_boolean_syntax + -><()~*:""&|
ft_max_word_len 84
ft_min_word_len 4
ft_query_expansion_limit 20
ft_stopword_file (built-in)
general_log OFF
general_log_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.log
group_concat_max_len 1024
have_community_features YES
have_compress YES
have_crypt YES
have_csv YES
have_dynamic_loading YES
have_geometry YES
have_innodb YES
have_ndbcluster NO
have_openssl DISABLED
have_partitioning YES
have_query_cache YES
have_rtree_keys YES
have_ssl DISABLED
have_symlink YES
hostname XXXX
identity 0
ignore_builtin_innodb OFF
init_connect
init_file
init_slave
innodb_adaptive_hash_index ON
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size 62914560
innodb_autoextend_increment 8
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size 16106127360
innodb_checksums ON
innodb_commit_concurrency 0
innodb_concurrency_tickets 500
innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_data_home_dir /var/lib/mysql/
innodb_doublewrite ON
innodb_fast_shutdown 1
innodb_file_io_threads 4
innodb_file_per_table ON
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 1
innodb_flush_method
innodb_force_recovery 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout 500
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog OFF
innodb_log_buffer_size 1048576
innodb_log_file_size 5242880
innodb_log_files_in_group 2
innodb_log_group_home_dir /var/lib/mysql/
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct 90
innodb_max_purge_lag 0
innodb_mirrored_log_groups 1
innodb_open_files 300
innodb_rollback_on_timeout OFF
innodb_stats_method nulls_equal
innodb_stats_on_metadata ON
innodb_support_xa ON
innodb_sync_spin_loops 20
innodb_table_locks ON
innodb_thread_concurrency 0
innodb_thread_sleep_delay 10000
innodb_use_legacy_cardinality_algorithm ON
insert_id 0
interactive_timeout 28800
join_buffer_size 33554432
keep_files_on_create OFF
key_buffer_size 5242880000
key_cache_age_threshold 300
key_cache_block_size 1024
key_cache_division_limit 100
language /usr/share/mysql/english/
large_files_support ON
large_page_size 0
large_pages OFF
last_insert_id 0
lc_time_names en_US
license GPL
local_infile ON
locked_in_memory OFF
log OFF
log_bin OFF
log_bin_trust_function_creators OFF
log_bin_trust_routine_creators OFF
log_error
log_output FILE
log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF
log_slave_updates OFF
log_slow_queries ON
log_warnings 1
long_query_time 2
low_priority_updates ON
lower_case_file_system OFF
lower_case_table_names 0
max_allowed_packet 33554432
max_binlog_cache_size 1.84467E+19
max_binlog_size 104857600
max_connect_errors 10
max_connections 250
max_delayed_threads 20
max_error_count 64
max_heap_table_size 1073741824
max_insert_delayed_threads 20
max_join_size 1.84467E+19
max_length_for_sort_data 1024
max_long_data_size 33554432
max_prepared_stmt_count 16382
max_relay_log_size 0
max_seeks_for_key 1.84467E+19
max_sort_length 1024
max_sp_recursion_depth 0
max_tmp_tables 32
max_user_connections 0
max_write_lock_count 1.84467E+19
min_examined_row_limit 0
multi_range_count 256
myisam_data_pointer_size 6
myisam_max_sort_file_size 9.22337E+18
myisam_mmap_size 1.84467E+19
myisam_recover_options BACKUP
myisam_repair_threads 1
myisam_sort_buffer_size 8388608
myisam_stats_method nulls_unequal
myisam_use_mmap OFF
net_buffer_length 16384
net_read_timeout 300
net_retry_count 10
net_write_timeout 60
new OFF
old OFF
old_alter_table OFF
old_passwords OFF
open_files_limit 10000
optimizer_prune_level 1
optimizer_search_depth 62
optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_merge_union=on,index_merge_sort_union=on,index_merge_intersection=on
pid_file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
plugin_dir /usr/lib/mysql/plugin
port 3306
preload_buffer_size 32768
profiling OFF
profiling_history_size 15
protocol_version 10
pseudo_thread_id 52404
query_alloc_block_size 8192
query_cache_limit 134217728
query_cache_min_res_unit 4096
query_cache_size 536870912
query_cache_type ON
query_cache_wlock_invalidate OFF
query_prealloc_size 8192
rand_seed1
rand_seed2
range_alloc_block_size 4096
read_buffer_size 8388608
read_only OFF
read_rnd_buffer_size 1048576
relay_log
relay_log_index
relay_log_info_file relay-log.info
relay_log_purge ON
relay_log_space_limit 0
report_host
report_password
report_port 3306
report_user
rpl_recovery_rank 0
secure_auth OFF
secure_file_priv
server_id 0
skip_external_locking ON
skip_name_resolve OFF
skip_networking OFF
skip_show_database OFF
slave_compressed_protocol OFF
slave_exec_mode STRICT
slave_load_tmpdir /tmp
slave_net_timeout 3600
slave_skip_errors OFF
slave_transaction_retries 10
slow_launch_time 2
slow_query_log ON
slow_query_log_file /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
sort_buffer_size 16777216
sql_auto_is_null ON
sql_big_selects ON
sql_big_tables OFF
sql_buffer_result OFF
sql_log_bin ON
sql_log_off OFF
sql_log_update ON
sql_low_priority_updates ON
sql_max_join_size 1.84467E+19
sql_mode
sql_notes ON
sql_quote_show_create ON
sql_safe_updates OFF
sql_select_limit 1.84467E+19
sql_slave_skip_counter
sql_warnings OFF
ssl_ca
ssl_capath
ssl_cert
ssl_cipher
ssl_key
storage_engine MyISAM
sync_binlog 0
sync_frm ON
system_time_zone EST
table_definition_cache 512
table_lock_wait_timeout 50
table_open_cache 512
table_type MyISAM
thread_cache_size 64
thread_handling one-thread-per-connection
thread_stack 524288
time_format %H:%i:%s
time_zone SYSTEM
timed_mutexes OFF
timestamp 1352996243
tmp_table_size 1073741824
tmpdir /tmp
transaction_alloc_block_size 8192
transaction_prealloc_size 4096
tx_isolation REPEATABLE-READ
unique_checks ON
updatable_views_with_limit YES
version 5.1.62-0ubuntu0.10.04.1-log
version_comment (Ubuntu)
version_compile_machine x86_64
version_compile_os debian-linux-gnu
wait_timeout 28800
warning_count 0
Is there anything else that would be helpful to provide? I didn't configure all this initially, so please be as frank and direct as possible, I will take no offense!
UPDATES with New Info
MyISAM 7,475.843 MB 10,450.254 MB 17,926.097 MB
InnoDB 43,110.109 MB 31,649.219 MB 74,759.328 MB
Total 50,585.953 MB 42,099.473 MB 92,685.425 MB
Best Answer
Firstly, I must point out that variable tuning is very application specific and highly depends on what problems you are running into. That being said, you need to know your dataset and which engines you are using (and so does anyone answering). Here is a query to get you that, but be aware it could potentially run a while and might lock up your application (anecdotal: I can run it on 80GB in less than 5 seconds):
I stole this query from Rolando. It is very nice!
This will output the storage engines you are using and the amount of data, index and total space is being used by each.
This is important because you are allocation 5GB for MyISAM indexes:
Do you have that much MyISAM index usage?
For InnoDB, here are some quick suggestions.
innodb_buffer_pool_size 16106127360
is 15GB. Normally if you run all InnoDB (no MyISAM) and MySQL is the only thing running on the server, this can be most of your memory (saving room for per-thread buffers). But 15GB is decent so I wouldn't start your tuning there.InnoDB Log files are low:
Since you mention database sizes up to 84GB, I would start by tuning this up to
innodb_log_file_size = 100MB
andinnodb_log_buffer_size = 8MB
. Here is how to change this directive safely.innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
is at 1, which helps make your InnoDB as ACID compliant as MySQL can get. It means that after every update commit (insert, deleted, update), InnoDB with flush the transaction to the logfile. Depending on your disk speeds, this can be a bottleneck. By setting it to 2, InnoDB will flush it to the OS cache, and every second will flush it to the logfile. So if your OS crashes, you lose 1-2 seconds, but if MySQL crashes, you won't lose anything.This is a good article to read to get started, and in general anything posted on that blog.