explainMySQLmysql-5.6query-cache
How do you get the size (in bytes) of the result of a SQL query, in MySQL 5.6?
EXPLAIN will return the number of fetched rows, but not their size.
My aim is to evaluate common queries to know a lower bound value for query_cache_limit so that they can be served by the Query Cache.
You should just disable the query cache with
[mysqld]
query_cache_size = 0
and then restart mysql. Why would I suggest that ???
The Query Cache will always butt heads with InnoDB. It would be nice if InnoDB's MVCC would let queries be served from the query cache if modifications do not affect repeatable reads for other transactions. Unfortunately, InnoDB just does not do that. Apparently, you have a lot of queries that get invalidated rather quickly and are probably not being reused.
For InnoDB under MySQL 4.0, the query cache was disabled for transactions. For MySQL 4.1+, InnoDB plays traffic cop when allowing access to the query cache on a per-table basis.
From the perspective of your question, I would say that the justification of removing the query cache is not so much the overhead, but how InnoDB manages it.
For more information on how InnoDB interacts with the query cache, please read pages 213-215 of the book "High Performance MySQL (Second Edition)".
If all or the majority of your data is MyISAM, you could go with your original idea of using SQL_NO_CACHE.
If you have a mix of InnoDB and MyISAM, you will have to find the right balance for your application based on on how high your cache misses are. In fact, pages 209-210 of the same book point out reasons for cache misses :
- The query is not cacheable, either because it contains a nondeterministic construct (such as CURRENT_DATE) or because its result set is too large to store.Both types of uncacheable queries increment the Qcache_not_cached status variable.
- The server has never seen the query before, so it never had the chance to cache its result.
- The query's result was previously cached, but the server removed it. This can happen because there wasn't enough memory to keep it, because someone instructed the server to remove it, or because it was invalidated
and the root causes of high cache misses with few uncacheable queries may be :
- The query cache is not warm yet. That is the server hasn't had a chance to fill the cache with result sets.
- The server is seeing queries it hasn't seen before. If you do not have a lot of repeated queries, this can happen even after the cache is warmed up.
- There are a lot of cache invalidations.
Looking your latest updated info, you have query_cache_limit set to 1048576 (1M). This limits any result set to 1M. If you retrieve anything bigger, it will simply not be cached. While you have have query_cache_size set to 104857600 (100M), this only allows for 100 cached results set in a perfect world. If you perform hundreds of queries, fragmentation will come about rather quickly. You also have 4096 (4K) as the minimum size result set. Unfortunately, mysql has no internal mechanism for defragmenting the query cache.
If you must have the query cache and you have so much RAM, you could execute the following:
SET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 0;
SELECT SLEEP(60);
SET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
in order to purge the query cache. You lose all cached results, so run these lines during off-peak hours.
I would also assign the following:
That leaves 23G of RAM. I would raise the following:
That leaves 7G. This should be adequate for OS and DB Connections.
Keep in mind that the key buffer caches only MyISAM index pages, while the InnoDB Buffer Pool caches data and indexes.
One more recommendation: upgrade to MySQL 5.5 so you can configure InnoDB for multiple CPU and multiple threads for read/write I/O.
See my earlier posts on using MySQL 5.5 in conjunction with accessing multiple CPUs for InnoDB
Nov 24, 2011 : Why mysql 5.5 slower than 5.1 (linux,using mysqlslap)Oct 05, 2011 : Query runs a long time in some newer MySQL versionsSep 20, 2011 : Multi cores and MySQL PerformanceJun 19, 2011 : How do I properly perform a MySQL bake-off?My method for clearing the query cache is rather extreme because it hoses cached data and forms a completely different segment of RAM. As you did point out in your comment, FLUSH QUERY CACHE (as you suggested) or even RESET QUERY CACHE would be better. For clarification, when I said "no internal mechanism," I meant exactly that. Defragmentation is needed and has to be done manually. It would need to be crontab'd.
If you do DML (INSERTs, UPDATEs, DELETEs) on InnoDB more often than on MyISAM, I would say remove the query cache altogether, which I said in the beginning.
You have two things running into each other
Look at your three queries
select * from drugs_info limit 1000;
select * from drugs_info limit 10000;
select * from drugs_info limit 15000;
Each query stores a unique result (if the results are stored). If the results are too big (as in the case of the second and third queries), the result sets must be retrieved again.
You could potentially solve this with a bigger query cache, which must be big enough to hold each query's result set. This leads us into ...
Unfortunately, the InnoDB Storage Engine likes to play traffic cop with the query cache. I had discussed this before in my answer to Is the overhead of frequent query cache invalidation ever worth it? where I learned this pages 213-215 in the book (Second Edition)
If you really want the query cache, you have to meticulously set the query cache size to suit your needs. In almost all cases, it is best to set query_cache_size to 0 when dealing with InnoDB.
First, add this to my.cnf
[mysqld]
query_cache_size=0
Then, run this
mysql> SET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 0;
and you should be all set.
Best Answer
There is no way.
EXPLAINgives you an estimation; do not count on it being exact.