SQL Server DBCC SHRINKDATABASE – Pros and Cons

What is HOBT lock?

A lock protecting a B-tree (index) or the heap data pages in a table that does not have a clustered index.

Why would I still get a S lock?

This happens on heaps. Example

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE @Query nvarchar(max) = 
   N'DECLARE @C INT; 
     SELECT @C = COUNT(*) FROM master.dbo.MSreplication_options';

/*Run once so compilation out of the way*/
EXEC(@Query);

DBCC TRACEON(-1,3604,1200) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;

PRINT 'READ UNCOMMITTED';
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;
EXEC(@Query);

PRINT 'READ COMMITTED';
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
EXEC(@Query);

DBCC TRACEOFF(-1,3604,1200) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;

Output READ UNCOMMITTED

Process 56 acquiring Sch-S lock on OBJECT: 1:1163151189:0  (class bit0 ref1) result: OK

Process 56 acquiring S lock on HOBT: 1:72057594038910976 [BULK_OPERATION] (class bit0 ref1) result: OK

Process 56 releasing lock on OBJECT: 1:1163151189:0 

Output READ COMMITTED

Process 56 acquiring IS lock on OBJECT: 1:1163151189:0  (class bit0 ref1) result: OK

Process 56 acquiring IS lock on PAGE: 1:1:169 (class bit0 ref1) result: OK

Process 56 releasing lock on PAGE: 1:1:169

Process 56 releasing lock on OBJECT: 1:1163151189:0 

According to this article referencing Paul Randal the reason for taking this BULK_OPERATION shared HOBT lock is to prevent reading of unformatted pages.

The purpose of SQL Server error states is for the SQL Server development team to be able to identify in code the exact place system errors were raised, given that many errors are raised in multiple places.

You as an end user (ie. developer of applications using SQL Server) can similarly use the state passed in to RAISERROR so that your product support can identify the place a procedure raises an error, for example:

create procedure usp_my_proc
as
if <somecondition>
  raiserror(N'Error foo and bar', 16, 0);
if <someothercondition>
  raiserror(N'Error foo and bar', 16, 1);
go

See how the two state allow you to distinguish later which error case was hit. Before you say 'but I can look at the error message' I'm telling you one word: internationalization.