Sql-server – Impact of shrinking transaction log file after transaction log backup in SQL Server

No. After you restored the database in your development environment it had become a different database. Re-attaching it back to production will replace the production database and all transaction that occurred after your initial detach will be lost. Doing what you describe usually require very complex solutions, involving setting up replication from production to staging and contiguously replicating transactions in production to the staging server. Needless to say, developing/testing such a complex solution is only worth it for a ... worthy goal. Shrinking your database is not such a worthy goal.

Handling situation of runaway data that was never designed for delete (which is 99% of all projects, since the need for efficient delete of data is never evident during development, when the tables are empty) is quite hard actually. Partitioning is the best solution, by far, but is a huge undertaking with serious impact on the application. Other than that, deleting old data in small batches is the next best thing, provided an appropriate supporting index is provisioned.

How to reduce the size of transaction log file without shrink process (Because it’s Bad – Increases Fragmentation – Reduces Performance)

That is not true. log shrink is quite benign, you are thinking data shrinks. See How to shrink the SQL Server log for an explanation why it grows, how to shrink it and why is benign.

My first recommendation is to use a smart index maintenance plan. Overactive rebuild is expensive, harmfull and completely unnecessary. Many swear by Ola Hallengren's index maintenance scripts.

You must also look into leveraging minimal logging. Index maintenance are a prime candidate for minimally logged operations, but you must use enable them by using the bulk-logged recovery model for your database. See Operations That Can Be Minimally Logged:

If the database is set to the simple or bulk-logged recovery model, some index DDL operations are minimally logged whether the operation is executed offline or online.