Sql-server – How to install SQL Server 2012 on Windows 10

Here's the troubleshooting options I'd try:

1. Disable antivirus. Man, I hate saying this, but I've seen issues where antivirus took too long to scan a file, and it caused installation problems.
2. Re-download the installation media. I know you've seen other users run this same setup and it's worked, but I've seen enough corrupt downloads that I would try this anyway. It doesn't cost you anything.
3. If D is a network share (a mapped drive), copy the installation files locally before you start.

It looks like MS has seen this already. Have you tried running SSMS through Right Click - Run As Admin?

http://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/198005/not-able-to-access-the-database-model-under-the-current-security-context-microsoft-sql-server-error-916

Also are you logging in as a sysadmin to SQL Server? Do you have create DB rights?

Edit: Just saw your original post updated. It looks like you are restoring to the wrong version for sure. Consider yourself lucky if that is the issue!!

Do a SELECT @@SERVERNAME. What does it return? Is that the right instance? Probably not (hopefully). Try your restore script only after SELECT @@SERVERNAME returns the right info. Also you might want to use OSQL where you have to state the server name and creds before connecting, that way you know you're at the right one instance.