SQL Server – How to Fix ‘The OLE DB Provider MSOLAP Has Not Been Registered’

Here's the code I'm using to register a linked server to SSAS:

USE [master];
GO

EXEC master.dbo.sp_addlinkedserver
    @server = N'ServerAlias',
    @srvproduct = N'',
    @provider= N'MSOLAP',
    @datasrc= N'ActualServerName',
    @catalog = N'DatabaseName';

When I attempt to run an MDX query using OPENQUERY, or if I use the Test Connection command in Management Studio after running the above code, I get the error:

Msg 7403, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
The OLE DB provider "MSOLAP" has not been registered.

This is pretty strange as this provider is installed as part of SQL Server.

• It also fails on all other instances on the same box — 5 total instances of 2008 R2 RTM and 2008 R2 SP1. I don't remember exactly, but 1 or 2 of the instances on the problem box may have been upgraded from 2008 to 2008 R2 at some point.
• It succeeded on a couple of other boxes using 2008 R2, including one box that has about a dozen total instances of 2005, 2008 R2 and 2012. I tried both 32-bit and 64-bit with success.

I looked at this Microsoft KB article which describes the exact issue; however, there isn't a resolution that's applicable. Every other instance of this error I found on the internet was due to someone incorrectly defining the linked server, which also isn't applicable.

This is a development server (thankfully), so pretty much all options are on the table. Would a Repair fix this? It feels like something is awry in the registry.

(I'm asking for direction first, as I can't perform any maintenance myself due to lack of permissions.)