How to Ensure Only One Instance of a Job is Running in SQL Server

Using Kenneth's code, and a few other bits and pieces that I pulled together, I came up with the following code which I think should do the job. If anybody sees any potential problem with this I'd be interested in knowing!

-- Check if this server is the preferred replica for backups.
    If sys.fn_hadr_backup_is_preferred_replica( @DatabaseName ) <> 1
    BEGIN

        -- Check whether the script is running from SQL Agent.  If it is not then raise an error so that the user knows that the backup hasn't completed.
        -- (If the job is run from the agent then there should be an equivalent job running on the preferred replica, so no need to alert).
        declare @AgentAccount varchar(100)
        set @AgentAccount = (select cast(value_data as varchar(100)) as [AccountName]
                                FROM sys.dm_server_registry
                                WHERE registry_key LIKE '%SQLSERVERAGENT%' --For named instance change to SQLAgent$<instanceName>
                                AND value_name = 'ObjectName'
                            )


        if @AgentAccount = SYSTEM_USER
        begin

            declare @jobSource tinyint
            SELECT  @jobSource = ja.run_requested_source
                    --WHEN 1 THEN 'SOURCE_SCHEDULER'
                    --WHEN 2 THEN 'SOURCE_ALERTER'
                    --WHEN 3 THEN 'SOURCE_BOOT'
                    --WHEN 4 THEN 'SOURCE_USER'  -- This one is manual
                    --WHEN 6 THEN 'SOURCE_ON_IDLE_SCHEDULE'
                    --ELSE 'UNKNOWN' END
            FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobactivity ja
            WHERE ja.session_id = @@SPID
            AND start_execution_date is not null
            AND stop_execution_date is null;

            if @jobSource = 4   -- Job was run manually.
            begin
                RAISERROR ('No backup produced as this server is not the preferred replica for backups.  Please run the script again from the preferred replica.', 16, 1)
                return 1
            end
            else
            begin
                print 'No backup produced as this server is not the preferred replica for backups.'
                return 0
            end
        end
        else
        begin
            RAISERROR ('No backup produced as this server is not the preferred replica for backups.  Please run the script again from the preferred replica.', 16, 1)
            return 1
        end
    END

Well, mystery solved.

I had previously posted this at another site (SqlServerCentral.com), and then posted here after I had not gotten a response for several hours. While I was trying Aaron's suggestion here, a Josh posted the following there:

Did you check the history of the job to see how it was invoked? Usually you'll see something like "The job succeeded. The Job was invoked by Schedule XXXX (Schedule_X ). The last step to run was step 1 (XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)."

Does it look the same for each run?

Though I had previously scoured the Job's history, I had not specifically looked for that message. And lo and behold, the unscheduled ones have the following:

... The Job was invoked by Alert 1.  ...

So someone must have tagged this job to run after an Alert (likely the wrong job).

Naturally now I feel silly for not checking this before. But I post this here now, so that others in the future may benefit from my oversight.