Sql-server – Difference between Generate Script option at database level and backup and restore option

This is the difference between logins and users and how they relate to each other:

• Logins - Instance level principals that allow an entity to connect to the SQL Server instance. They do not, by their nature, grant any access to databases on the instance. The exception to this is a login with sysadmin rights can use a database because they are sysadmin, but because of sysadmin level permissions.
• Users - Database level principals that allow an entity to connect to a SQL Server database. Users are associated with logins via SIDs, creating a relationship between the two and allowing a login to connect to the instance and then use the associated user to connect to the database.

What commonly happens with SQL authenticated logins and database users on a restore is that the SIDS will be out of sync, thus breaking the relationship. This relationship must be repaired before you can connect to the database using that login, because in the eyes of SQL Server those principals are no longer connected. You can fix this with the following SQL:

ALTER USER [foo] WITH LOGIN=[foo]

You can use the following query in the context of your database to check for orphans:

select
    dp.name [user_name]
    ,dp.type_desc [user_type]
    ,isnull(sp.name,'Orhphaned!') [login_name]
    ,sp.type_desc [login_type]
from   
    sys.database_principals dp
    left join sys.server_principals sp on (dp.sid = sp.sid)
where
    dp.type in ('S','U','G')
    and dp.principal_id >4
order by sp.name

Does this failover cluster impose any restrictions on this backup restore or will it be a normal backup restore operation.

It will be a normal backup and restore operation (provided there are no other issues with the actual backup and/or restore).

The fact that you are going from a standalone instance to a failover cluster instance will not negatively affect an otherwise normal backup and restore.

The same rules will apply here, of course, as well as any other backup/restore operation regardless of standalone or FCI.