Sql-server – Assign dbo role to login without creating a new user in db

This is happening because the principal in the AS clause needs to have the permission with the "GRANT OPTION". Running this will allow you to run your original code:

GRANT ALTER ON ROLE::[AdaptTemplate] TO [AdminSapr] WITH GRANT OPTION

My reading of Books Online made me think that what you're doing is right since AdminSapr is in the db_owner role but in testing I had to do something like the above to get this to work.

By selecting SQL user without login within SSMS' create user dialog, this is the T-SQL that is generated (with no other options besides the user name supplied):

USE [AdventureWorks2012]
GO
CREATE USER [User1] WITHOUT LOGIN
GO

If you were to create a login and attempt to alter the user with the new login, like the following attempt:

create login TestLogin1
with password = 'p@$$w0rd';
go

use AdventureWorks2012;
go

alter user User1
with login = TestLogin1;
go

You will get the following error:

Msg 33016, Level 16, State 1, Line 8
The user cannot be remapped to a login. Remapping can only be done for users that were mapped to Windows or SQL logins.

Because of that, I don't think you can link up a login to this type of user without recreating it. It should be relatively painless, as you could just script out the user, but change the parameters from WITHOUT LOGIN to whatever login you want it to be mapped to.

EDIT: As pointed out by Aaron below, ensure that you're taking note of permissions and role memberships before making any changes. You'll want to ensure that you can get back to the permissions state you currently are in, if that's the desired behavior.