PostgreSQL – Logging All Queries

The log_statement in postgresql.conf applies to all users and all databases, but if it's not what you want, you may provide per-database and per-user values, with:

ALTER USER someuser SET log_statement='all';

and/or

ALTER DATABASE dbname SET log_statement='all';

and leave log_statement to 'none' in the global configuration file postgresql.conf.

Also when you're superuser, you can enable logging anytime just for your session with:

SET log_statement='all';

As to what is logged, it can be configured with log_line_prefix but it doesn't go as far as logging tables and columns names. To log which columns are affected by UPDATEs you'd need to do that in triggers in every table, as in tablelog

Yes you can hide those messages in the log.

In the calling session, before running the INSERT statement, issue this statement:

SET log_min_messages TO log; 

If you want to still see the ERROR: part, and hide only the STATEMENT: part, use another parameter:

SET log_min_error_statement TO log; 

See docs.

Use only session parameters, your application must know which statements will be silenced. Technically, you could make the setting permanent (in postgresql.conf) but it's not a good idea. In some cases this will be a footgun.