Postgresql – INSERT INTO using the RETURNING values from another INSERT

After your query runs, you'll have a set of copied rows (with configid=41) and an identical set of pasted rows (except for the configid=76 and the auto-created id).

Since, these ids are not known in advance, you'll need another way to identify rows of the config table, e.g. a unique key (besides the auto-incrementing one), so you can match (join) the newly created rows with the old ones.

If, for example, the (configid, optionname) is unique, then the following would work:

INSERT INTO pricing
    ( relid, price, ... )          --- relid and all the other columns, 
                                   --- except any autoincrement you may have
SELECT pasted.id, p.price, ....    --- and the same columns here
FROM 
    pricing AS p
  JOIN
    tblproductconfigoptionssub AS copied
      ON  copied.id = p.relid
      AND copied.configid = 41 
  JOIN
    tblproductconfigoptionssub AS pasted
      ON  pasted.optioname = copied.optioname
      AND pasted.configid = 76 ;

When the automation fires off the second time, I get an error because the table already exists and, consequently, the second round of data isn't inserted.

I would suggest you to put a condition to check the existence of the table

If exists (select 1 from sys.tables where name = '' and type = 'U')
begin -- table exists, so insert values in it
insert into table_name values ()
end
else
begin -- table does not exist, so create it
create table table_name (column datatype)
insert into table_name values ()
end

You can even use below sql to create new blank table as the where 1=0 will always be false.

Note that it wont create any indexes from old_table into new_table.

SELECT *
INTO new_table
FROM old_table where 1=0

To capture errors, you can use TRY/CATCH