PostgreSQL – Getting Specific Key Values from JSONB into Columns

jsonperformancepostgresqlquery-performance

In this query attributes a JSONB column:

select
  COUNT(order_items.attributes) as sayi,
  order_items.attributes
from order_items
  INNER JOIN products ON order_items.product_id = products.product_id
GROUP BY order_items.attributes

I have data like this:

[{"name": "Kampanya Seçimi", "value": "USB Çakmaklık (7,99 TL)"}, {"name": "İp, Dikiş Rengi", "value": "Kırmızı"}]
[{"name": "Kampanya Seçimi", "value": "USB Çakmaklık (7,99 TL)"}, {"name": "İp, Dikiş Rengi", "value": "Kırmızı"}]
[{"name": "Kampanya Seçimi", "value": "USB Çakmaklık (7,99 TL)"}, {"name": "İp, Dikiş Rengi", "value": "Kırmızı"}]

I would like to specifically names to a column, value to another column. Desired result is to select attribute and put them in 2 columns "name" "value" as column name, and the contents listed under it as rows.

How can I do this? I read a lot of website but I couldn't succeed.

PostgreSQL version: psql (PostgreSQL) 10.3 (Ubuntu 10.3-1.pgdg16.04+1)

products table definition:

         Column         |              Type              | Collation | Nullable |                   Default                    | Storage  | Stats target | Description
------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
 product_id             | integer                        |           | not null | nextval('products_product_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              |
 display_price          | numeric(8,2)                   |           | not null |                                              | main     |              |
 marketplace_product_id | text                           |           | not null |                                              | extended |              |
 title                  | text                           |           | not null |                                              | extended |              |
 subtitle               | text                           |           |          |                                              | extended |              |
 seller_id              | integer                        |           | not null |                                              | plain    |              |
 deleted_at             | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                              | plain    |              |
 created_at             | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                              | plain    |              |
 updated_at             | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                              | plain    |              |
 images                 | jsonb                          |           |          |                                              | extended |              |
 seller_stock_code      | text                           |           |          |                                              | extended |              |

order_items table:

            Column            |              Type              | Collation | Nullable |                      Default                       | Storage  | Stats target | Description
------------------------------+--------------------------------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
 order_item_id                | integer                        |           | not null | nextval('order_items_order_item_id_seq'::regclass) | plain    |              |
 order_id                     | integer                        |           | not null |                                                    | plain    |              |
 marketplace_item_id          | text                           |           | not null |                                                    | extended |              |
 product_id                   | integer                        |           |          |                                                    | plain    |              |
 shipping_fee_type_id         | integer                        |           | not null |                                                    | plain    |              |
 cargo_code                   | character varying(255)         |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |
 seller_coupon_amount         | numeric(8,2)                   |           |          |                                                    | main     |              |
 mall_discount_amount         | numeric(8,2)                   |           |          |                                                    | main     |              |
 item_variety_stock_code      | character varying(255)         |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |
 item_price_without_discounts | numeric(8,2)                   |           |          |                                                    | main     |              |
 invoice_amount               | numeric(8,2)                   |           | not null |                                                    | main     |              |
 quantity                     | integer                        |           | not null |                                                    | plain    |              |
 commision                    | numeric(8,2)                   |           |          |                                                    | main     |              |
 shipping_carrier_id          | integer                        |           |          |                                                    | plain    |              |
 tracking_code                | text                           |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |
 shipment_number              | character varying(255)         |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |
 shipment_number_status       | text                           |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |
 deleted_at                   | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                                    | plain    |              |
 created_at                   | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                                    | plain    |              |
 updated_at                   | timestamp(0) without time zone |           |          |                                                    | plain    |              |
 attributes                   | jsonb                          |           |          |                                                    | extended |              |

Best Answer

Not sure about your precise objective. The query you display says you want to count identical values in the column attributes and list the keys "name" and "value" in separate rows for each.

This query would do that:

SELECT *
FROM  (
   SELECT COUNT(attributes) AS sayi, attributes
   FROM   order_items
   GROUP  BY attributes
   ) oi
LEFT   JOIN LATERAL jsonb_to_recordset(attributes) a(name text, value text) ON true;

dbfiddle here

Assuming that product.product_id the PRIMARY KEY and there is a FOREIGN KEY constraint from order_items.product_id to products.product_id - then the join to products is just redundant noise for this particular query. So I dropped it.

The key feature is jsonb_to_recordset().
About the unconditional LEFT JOIN LATERAL:

What is the difference between LATERAL and a subquery in PostgreSQL?

Aside:
Look at the test setup in the fiddle to see how to best present your table definitions (including constraints!) and values.

Better Queries

This is just your query reformatted with aliases and some noise removed to clear the fog:

SELECT count(DISTINCT t.id)
FROM   tickets      t
JOIN   transactions tr ON tr.objectid = t.id
JOIN   attachments  a  ON a.transactionid = tr.id
WHERE  t.status <> 'deleted'
AND    t.type = 'ticket'
AND    t.effectiveid = t.id
AND    tr.objecttype = 'RT::Ticket'
AND    a.contentindex @@ plainto_tsquery('frobnicate');

Most of the problem with your query lies in the first two tables tickets and transactions, which are missing from the question. I'm filling in with educated guesses.

t.status, t.objecttype and tr.objecttype should probably not be text, but enum or possibly some very small value referencing a look-up table.

`EXISTS` semi-join

Assuming tickets.id is the primary key, this rewritten form should be much cheaper:

SELECT count(*)
FROM   tickets t
WHERE  status <> 'deleted'
AND    type = 'ticket'
AND    effectiveid = id
AND    EXISTS (
   SELECT 1
   FROM   transactions tr
   JOIN   attachments  a ON a.transactionid = tr.id
   WHERE  tr.objectid = t.id
   AND    tr.objecttype = 'RT::Ticket'
   AND    a.contentindex @@ plainto_tsquery('frobnicate')
   );

Instead of multiplying rows with two 1:n joins, only to collapse multiple matches in the end with count(DISTINCT id), use an EXISTS semi-join, which can stop looking further as soon as the first match is found and at the same time obsoletes the final DISTINCT step. Per documentation:

The subquery will generally only be executed long enough to determine whether at least one row is returned, not all the way to completion.

Effectiveness depends on how many transactions per ticket and attachments per transaction there are.

Determine order of joins with `join_collapse_limit`

If you know that your search term for attachments.contentindex is very selective - more selective than other conditions in the query (which is probably the case for 'frobnicate', but not for 'problem'), you can force the sequence of joins. The query planner can hardly judge selectiveness of particular words, except for the most common ones. Per documentation:

join_collapse_limit (integer)

[...]
Because the query planner does not always choose the optimal join order, advanced users can elect to temporarily set this variable to 1, and then specify the join order they desire explicitly.

Use SET LOCAL for the purpose to only set it for the current transaction.

BEGIN;
SET LOCAL join_collapse_limit = 1;

SELECT count(DISTINCT t.id)
FROM   attachments  a                              -- 1st
JOIN   transactions tr ON tr.id = a.transactionid  -- 2nd
JOIN   tickets      t  ON t.id = tr.objectid       -- 3rd
WHERE  t.status <> 'deleted'
AND    t.type = 'ticket'
AND    t.effectiveid = t.id
AND    tr.objecttype = 'RT::Ticket'
AND    a.contentindex @@ plainto_tsquery('frobnicate');

ROLLBACK; -- or COMMIT;

The order of WHERE conditions is always irrelevant. Only the order of joins is relevant here.

Or use a CTE like @jjanes explains in "Option 2". for a similar effect.

Indexes

B-tree indexes

Take all conditions on tickets that are used identically with most queries and create a partial index on tickets:

CREATE INDEX tickets_partial_idx
ON tickets(id)
WHERE  status <> 'deleted'
AND    type = 'ticket'
AND    effectiveid = id;

If one of the conditions is variable, drop it from the WHERE condition and prepend the column as index column instead.

Another one on transactions:

CREATE INDEX transactions_partial_idx
ON transactions(objecttype, objectid, id)

The third column is just to enable index-only scans.

Also, since you have this composite index with two integer columns on attachments:

"attachments3" btree (parent, transactionid)

This additional index is a complete waste, delete it:

"attachments1" btree (parent)

Details:

Is a composite index also good for queries on the first field?

GIN index

Add transactionid to your GIN index to make it a lot more effective. This may be another silver bullet, because it potentially allows index-only scans, eliminating visits to the big table completely.
You need additional operator classes provided by the additional module btree_gin. Detailed instructions:

Inner join using an array column

"contentindex_idx" gin (transactionid, contentindex)

4 bytes from an integer column don't make the index much bigger. Also, fortunately for you, GIN indexes are different from B-tree indexes in a crucial aspect. Per documentation:

A multicolumn GIN index can be used with query conditions that involve any subset of the index's columns. Unlike B-tree or GiST, index search effectiveness is the same regardless of which index column(s) the query conditions use.

Bold emphasis mine. So you just need the one (big and somewhat costly) GIN index.

Table definition

Move the integer not null columns to the front. This has a couple of minor positive effects on storage and performance. Saves 4 - 8 bytes per row in this case.

                      Table "public.attachments"
         Column      |            Type             |         Modifiers
    -----------------+-----------------------------+------------------------------
     id              | integer                     | not null default nextval('...
     transactionid   | integer                     | not null
     parent          | integer                     | not null default 0
     creator         | integer                     | not null default 0  -- !
     created         | timestamp                   |                     -- !
     messageid       | character varying(160)      |
     subject         | character varying(255)      |
     filename        | character varying(255)      |
     contenttype     | character varying(80)       |
     contentencoding | character varying(80)       |
     content         | text                        |
     headers         | text                        |
     contentindex    | tsvector                    |

Best Answer

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