Postgresql – Create foreign key constraint on indirect data

I am trying to enforce relational integrity across some database design containing sensor data. The relevant parts of the database:

CREATE TABLE logger (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
);

CREATE TABLE sensor (
    logger_id INTEGER REFERENCES Logger(id),
    logger_sensor_id SMALLINT,
    PRIMARY KEY (logger_id, logger_sensor_id)   
);

CREATE TABLE measurement (
    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
    logger_id INTEGER REFERENCES logger(id)
)

CREATE TABLE sensor_measurement_data (
    measurement_id BIGINT REFERENCES measurement(id),
    logger_sensor_id REFERENCES sensor(logger_sensor_id) -- problem is here
)

Since logger_sensor_id is not unique in the sensor table, I can't create the foreign key in sensor_measurement_data and the above won't work. I want to create a foreign key on both the logger_sensor_id and the logger_id which is included in the measurement table.

Is it possible to create such an "indirect foreign key" constraint? I guess it's possible to ensure referential integrity through triggers and checks, but I'd like to know if it's possible with foreign keys – it looks it would be a lot less error-prone to me. If it's not possible, is there a technical reason for this?

I'm currently using postgresql, but I'd surely want to know if other systems would be able to implement the above.