Yes, it will catch up, using streaming only, if (and only if), the number of WAL segments generated since the last update on the standby is less than the value of wal_keep_segments in postgresql.conf. This is covered in this section of the documentation: Replication
The message "The database system is starting up." does not indicate an error. The reason it is at the FATAL level is so that it will always make it to the log, regardless of the setting of log_min_messages:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/interactive/runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN
After the rsync, did you really run what you show?:
pgsql -c "select pg_stop_backup();";
Since there is, so far as I know, no pgsql executable, that would leave the backup uncompleted, and the slave would never come out of recovery mode. On the other hand, maybe you really did run psql, because otherwise I don't see how the slave would have logged such success messages as:
Log: consistent recovery state reached at 0/BF0000B0
and:
Log: streaming replication successfully connected to primary
Did you try connecting to the slave at this point? What happened?
The "Success. You can now start..." message you mention is generated by initdb, which shouldn't be run as part of setting up a slave; so I think you may be confused about something there. I'm also concerned about these apparently conflicting statements:
The only ways I have restarted Postgres is through the service
postgresql-9.1 restart or /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.1 restart commands.
After I receive this error, I kill all processes and again try to
restart the database...
Did you try to stop the service through the service script? What happened? It might help in understanding the logs if you prefixed lines with more information. We use:
log_line_prefix = '[%m] %p %q<%u %d %r> '
The recovery.conf script looks odd. Are you copying from the master's pg_xlog directory, the slave's active pg_xlog directory, or an archive directory?
Best Answer
If the WAL files don't exist anymore anywhere, you need to rebuild the standby from scratch (new base backup). If you still have the WAL files on the master or in an archive somewhere, just change the
restore_commandinrecovery.confto fetch them from wherever they are.