Oracle Equivalent of SQL Server’s Bitwise Operators

Your additional calculated value:

(select count(t1.num) from T t1)

Is a scalar subquery, which is a dynamic rather than static expression. As such it's treated the same as a column as far as the aggregate is concerned and needs to be included in the group by clause to avoid the ORA-00937: not a single-group group function error

However, oracle does not allow subqueries as part of the group by clause and trying to include the scalar subquery and/or the whole case statement:

group by (case (select count(*) cnt from t t1) when 0 then 1 else 0 end)

just results in an ORA-22818: subquery expressions not allowed here error.

The only ways around this are to either convert your scalar subquery to an aggregate value like so:

max(case (select count(*) cnt from t t1) when 0 then 1 else 0 end)

or

(case max((select count(*) cnt from t t1)) when 0 then 1 else 0 end)

or rewrite your query to move the unaggregated scalar subquery out of the aggregated query:

select (case (select count(*) cnt from t t1) when 0 then 1 else 0 end) * sum
  from (select sum(t3.num) sum from t t3) t2;

or precompute your scalar subquery so it can be used in the group by clause:

select case t1.cnt when 0 then 1 else 0 end * sum(t2.num)
  from t t2
     , (select count(*) cnt from t) t1
 group by case t1.cnt when 0 then 1 else 0 end

I would use something like this:

CREATE TABLE #test 
(
    id INT IDENTITY(0,1) NOT NULL
    , val AS (POWER(2,id)) PERSISTED
    , CONSTRAINT pk_test PRIMARY KEY
        (
            val
        )
);
GO

INSERT #test DEFAULT VALUES;
GO 15

SELECT * FROM #test;