Mysql – How to sync two or more collocation database server

I don't have experience with DynamoDB so the best I can do is offer some pointers on optimizations to look for if you stay in the hosted MySQL world.

• Memory allocation. If you're using innodb be sure you have adequate buffer pool size with two log files as the lesser of 25% buffer pool size or 1 Gig. In a perfect world your buffer pool would be as large as all the .ibd files (aka sum(data_length+index_length) from information_schema.tables where engine='innodb'). Understandably this is not always possible, in which case try to allocate 60-70% of your system memory to buffer pool while leaving the rest available for disk cache. (This of course assumes this is a dedicated MySQL server not hosting apache or running your php scripts).

If you're running MyISAM tables then at least make sure your key_buffer_size can accommodate the index_length (or size of your .MYI files).

• Disks. If you're needing to fall back to disk you want those to be as fast as possible. In a perfect world you'd have PCI-E based SSD cards. I imagine this is out of your budget if you're worried about charging after switching to amazon, so maybe see if your hosting provider has any options above what you currently have. SSD based SAS drives > 15k hdd sas > nl-sas.

• Service layer between mysql and clients. There is memory overhead to each connection to the database that could be used toward buffer pool or disk cache. Try to have a service layer that maintains a bounded connection pool and providing application layer caching where possible.

• Distribute the work load. This is tantamount to going to the "cloud" just that you're managing all machines yourself. If your app is mostly read heavy and not always required to be up to the microsecond up to date you can setup replication between many physical machines and load balance the reads across them.

Look toward getting slaves setup at different physical datacenters across the country/world/what ever's applicable to your demographic. Load balance connections to the nearest one. (This assumes traffic is first routed to your front end in these locations otherwise the problem might just be worsened).

• Partitioning. This is especially true if you're using myisam and dealing with table level locks. It's also particularly useful if you have a table that has patterns of pruning old rows periodically (you can just drop partitions instead of running individual delete queries which fragment the data).

There isn't currently anything in the PostgreSQL core which would help with that, but there is work in progress to do what you want that is likely to make it into version 9.3, which will probably be released in the summer of 2013. If you can't wait for that, there are a number of solutions available from third parties. From what you describe, Bucardo sounds like it might be the best fit.

A new option, which recently hit production release 1.0, is Postgres-XC. It is exciting technology, but if you have a stable production environment you might want to just keep an eye on it for now; it's pretty "bleeding edge" at the moment, and they haven't yet figured out how to incorporate all of the features of normal PostgreSQL in that environment.