Mysql – Cannot recover Database from ibdata file

Check the MySQL error log. It looks like trying to read table 44 is actually crashing the server.

"Lost connection to MySQL server during query" is (or should be) heart-stopping time for a MySQL DBA because it often means that whatever your query just did has actually crashed the server.

The subsequent messages seem to bear this out:

mysqldump: Got error: 2003: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061) when
trying to connect
Operation failed with exitcode 2

A quick test of mysqldump on Windows 7 against a MySQL server that is not running returns exactly that same error and exits with %ERRORLEVEL% set to 2. The nature of error 10061 can be found with the perror utility.

C:\>perror 10061
Win32 error code 10061: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.

...so, check the MySQL error log. What's likely happening is that you're hitting corruption severe enough that in spite of innodb_force_recovery, the MySQL Server is crashing. I will then usually restart on its own, but this takes time so may not complete before mysqldump gets an IP connection refused on the subsequent connection attempts. This should all show up in the error log.

I assume that when the dump does not yield any error, the table's data is non-corrupted.

Incorrect assumption. If the dump does not yield any error, it could also mean that that innodb_force_recovery allowed the server to retrieve some of the data. A "successful" dump of a table only means it's not corrupted so severely that innodb_force_recovery can't survive it.

1 (SRV_FORCE_IGNORE_CORRUPT)

Let the server run even if it detects a corrupt page. Try to make SELECT * FROM tbl_name jump over corrupt index records and pages, which helps in dumping tables.

^{http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html}

Again, you should see chatter from InnoDB in the MySQL error log.

Final suggestion, don't use workbench. Use the mysql command line client to explore the server schemata and use mysqldump directly from the command line to try to restore individual schemas or individual databases.

update/additional:

how do you recover stored procedures? I get an error because they access corrupt tables

It shouldn't be because the procedures access corrupt tables, because stored procedures and functions aren't validated against their referenced tables in the way views are (drop a table that a view references, and then SHOW CREATE VIEW doesn't work -- the same isn't the case with procs or functions)... MySQL doesn't care whether tables referenced by stored procedures and functions even exist (except at runtime)... however, unlike view definitions, which are stored in individual files, the definitions of procedures and functions are stored in the proc table in the mysql schema, which is a MyISAM table... so I would expect that you'd see error messages referencing that table and CHECK TABLE mysql.proc; and REPAIR TABLE mysql.proc; might get you going again. Note that the version of MySQL Server that you're using for your recovery needs to be the same release series (e.g. 5.5) or the table definition of mysql.proc will be wrong... that shouldn't be the issue here, since if I read the question correctly, the crashed server and the recovery server are both 5.5.31.

If you can SELECT * FROM mysql.proc then you can retrieve the definitions that way if for some reason the SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE statement doesn't work.

And what options for a (partial) rescue are there for the tables that yielded an error in the dumps?

It depends on the nature and scope of the errors encountered. One option, discussed here, involves repeated INSERT ... SELECT ... LIMIT ... OFFSET, extracting blocks of rows from readable pages into a MyISAM table (because you can't write to an InnoDB table while innodb_force_recovery is on). There's also the Percona Data Recovery Tool for InnoDB, though I have never had occasion to use it.

A couple of possibilities, not sure if any of them will help you

Force recovery

[mysqld]
innodb_force_recovery = 4

If you run Force Recovery, your database will still be in an incoherent state. This will however allow you to make a backup of the data that you do have access to.

Usually, most of the data obtained in this way is intact. Serious corruption might cause SELECT * FROM tbl_name statements or InnoDB background operations to crash or assert, or even cause InnoDB roll-forward recovery to crash. In such cases, use the innodb_force_recovery option to force the InnoDB storage engine to start up while preventing background operations from running, so that you can dump your tables

Force InnoDB recovery

Permissions

Make sure the MySQL service user has full permissions on C:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.6.12\data

The service that runs MySQL needs full control for the directory where you are storing your data files

Update

FS error

Problems reading from the C:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.6.12\data directory ?

If you go to Control Panels-> Administrative Tools-> Events Viewer, then Windows Logs -> System, you might find more information about disk issues

One possible solution, would be to copy your data directory to another drive and/or directory.

Stop MySQL

Copy the data directory contents to the new drive and/or directory.

Open the C:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.6.12\my.cnf file and change the datadir option under mysqld

[mysqld]

datadir=D:\some\other\directory

Start MySQL