I found this definition on WEB:
A logical grouping of backup files — the backup pieces — that are
created when you issue an RMAN backup command. A backup set is RMAN’s
name for a collection of files associated with a backup. A backup set
is composed of one or more backup pieces.
but I don't understand why when I make one backup of whole database the rman creates several backupsets
Here is the output about one backup that I make (I've used parallelism 4)
[oracle@orcl12 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jul 20 12:48:52 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1525136414)
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
161 3.92M DISK 00:00:01 20/07/2019 12:06:12
BP Key: 161 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120610
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20190720T120610_gm6ch3t2_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 161
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 58 14688057 20/07/2019 11:55:34 14693433 20/07/2019 12:06:09
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
162 Full 307.59M DISK 00:03:59 20/07/2019 12:10:15
BP Key: 162 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F4405983DB33E47E055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6chcwh_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 162
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ORCLPDB
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
10 Full 14693446 20/07/2019 12:06:16 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/sysaux01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
163 Full 276.60M DISK 00:04:11 20/07/2019 12:10:27
BP Key: 163 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F43A22D9E7528CCE055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6chg3m_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 163
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
6 Full 1441967 12/01/2019 11:41:59 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
164 Full 503.65M DISK 00:05:59 20/07/2019 12:12:14
BP Key: 164 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6ch8s4_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 164
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
3 Full 14693445 20/07/2019 12:06:16 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
7 Full 14693445 20/07/2019 12:06:16 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
165 Full 738.59M DISK 00:06:22 20/07/2019 12:12:37
BP Key: 165 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6ch803_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 165
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
1 Full 14693444 20/07/2019 12:06:15 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
166 Full 285.26M DISK 00:01:08 20/07/2019 12:13:58
BP Key: 166 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6cvr4x_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 166
Container ID: 4, PDB Name: HOMOL
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
57 Full 14693594 20/07/2019 12:12:54 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_glh6b049_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
167 Full 198.24M DISK 00:01:35 20/07/2019 12:15:22
BP Key: 167 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F43A22D9E7528CCE055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6cxvsl_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 167
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
5 Full 1441967 12/01/2019 11:41:59 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/system01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
168 Full 222.91M DISK 00:02:53 20/07/2019 12:15:49
BP Key: 168 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F4405983DB33E47E055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6cxov8_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 168
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ORCLPDB
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
9 Full 14693605 20/07/2019 12:13:22 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/system01.dbf
12 Full 14693605 20/07/2019 12:13:22 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
169 Full 204.08M DISK 00:02:21 20/07/2019 12:17:20
BP Key: 169 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d1dhk_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 169
Container ID: 4, PDB Name: HOMOL
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
56 Full 14693679 20/07/2019 12:15:52 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/datafile/o1_mf_system_glh69zz4_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
170 Full 3.07M DISK 00:02:04 20/07/2019 12:18:00
BP Key: 170 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F4405983DB33E47E055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d4lp2_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 170
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ORCLPDB
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
11 Full 14693696 20/07/2019 12:16:40 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclpdb/undotbs01.dbf
60 Full 14693696 20/07/2019 12:16:40 NO /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/brelele
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
171 Full 7.98M DISK 00:00:36 20/07/2019 12:18:13
BP Key: 171 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F4405983DB33E47E055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d5kdw_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 171
Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ORCLPDB
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
55 Full 14693724 20/07/2019 12:17:54 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/7F4405983DB33E47E055FAC8EF8905E8/datafile/o1_mf_rman_gldpgddc_.dbf
61 Full 14693724 20/07/2019 12:17:54 NO /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/brelele2
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
172 Full 37.42M DISK 00:00:34 20/07/2019 12:18:44
BP Key: 172 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/7F43A22D9E7528CCE055FAC8EF8905E8/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d61cl_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 172
Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
8 Full 1441967 12/01/2019 11:41:59 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
173 Full 2.57M DISK 00:00:31 20/07/2019 12:19:01
BP Key: 173 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d6nnb_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 173
Container ID: 4, PDB Name: HOMOL
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
58 Full 14693749 20/07/2019 12:18:34 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_glh6b04c_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
174 Full 1.04M DISK 00:00:32 20/07/2019 12:19:16
BP Key: 174 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d7mhm_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 174
Container ID: 4, PDB Name: HOMOL
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
59 Full 14693756 20/07/2019 12:18:51 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/8D6E79BBBC2A140CE0531400A8C06C3B/datafile/o1_mf_users_glh795h1_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
175 Full 16.57M DISK 00:00:16 20/07/2019 12:19:21
BP Key: 175 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T120613
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20190720T120613_gm6d7q9r_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 175
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
4 Full 14694166 20/07/2019 12:19:15 14694171 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
28 Full 14694166 20/07/2019 12:19:15 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_haha_gb1k1h6b_.dbf
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
176 4.99M DISK 00:00:00 20/07/2019 12:19:37
BP Key: 176 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T121936
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2019_07_20/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20190720T121936_gm6d89jz_.bkp
List of Archived Logs in backup set 176
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 59 14693433 20/07/2019 12:06:09 14694370 20/07/2019 12:19:30
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
177 Full 18.09M DISK 00:00:05 20/07/2019 12:19:54
BP Key: 177 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190720T121948
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2019_07_20/o1_mf_s_1014121189_gm6d8tj6_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20/07/2019 12:18:10
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 14694951 Ckp time: 20/07/2019 12:19:49
shouldn't the rman creates one backupset for one backup and in this backupset include all backup pieces?
My RMAN configurations:
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE RMAN OUTPUT TO KEEP FOR 7 DAYS; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
Best Answer
Using backup database plus archivelog rman will make several steps:
So here rman will create at least 4 backupsets: two - with archivelogs, one - with datafiles, and one with CF and spfile.
If you are using parallelism of 4 - then rman will work in 4 processes(threads), and every process will generate its own backupset.
For datafiles rman will divide this work between 4 processes, and every process will backup their datafiles.
The same for the archivelogs - if there are many - you'll see 4 backupsets for them.