Fetch column data against group by data

The traditional solution, the one you may find in books, is to do a self join: first find that "max date per group" of yours, then join to self table on rows with said max date.

However, some hacks allow you to avoid that. Consider the following query:

SELECT
  MAX(date_added) AS date_added,
  SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(some_column ORDER BY date_added DESC), ',', 1) AS some_column,
  SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(another_column ORDER BY date_added DESC), ',', 1) AS another_column
FROM t
GROUP BY whatever

GROUP_CONCAT is an aggregation function which implodes values onto one string. It allows for ORDER BY, which we utilize via ORDER BY date_added DESC so as to implode our desired value first. We then slice up the first token in the string via SUBSTRING_INDEX.

The downside here (apart from making the query quite the frightening appearance) is that your numerical values are transformed into texts. Typically no big deal with SQL, but please be aware.

See also my old post: Selecting a specific non aggregated column data in GROUP BY

There's another option where you do a semi-self-join, a much lighter one; you will have to give up usage of index. It's quite long to describe; it still uses GROUP_CONCAT and SUBSTRING_INDEX, but only for the purpose of creating a derived table with only relevant keys. This derived table is then joined with original table. See an example in SQL: selecting top N records per group, another solution.

SELECT
    SUM(IF(user_type='I',1,0)) Individual_Count,
    SUM(IF(user_type='G',1,0)) Group_Count,
    DATE_FORMAT(dt,'%M')       "Month"
FROM
(
    SELECT user_type,
    (MAKEDATE(YEAR(join_date),1) + INTERVAL (MONTH(join_date)-1) MONTH) dt
    FROM consultant WHERE join_date >= '2014-07-01 00:00:00'
) A GROUP BY dt;

or

SELECT
    SUM(user_type='I')   Individual_Count,
    SUM(user_type='G')   Group_Count,
    DATE_FORMAT(dt,'%M') "Month"
FROM
(
    SELECT user_type,
    (MAKEDATE(YEAR(join_date),1) + INTERVAL (MONTH(join_date)-1) MONTH) dt
    FROM consultant WHERE join_date >= '2014-07-01 00:00:00'
) A GROUP BY dt;

If you would like the counts summed up, include WITH ROLLUP

SELECT
    SUM(IF(user_type='I',1,0)) Individual_Count,
    SUM(IF(user_type='G',1,0)) Group_Count,
    IFNULL(DATE_FORMAT(dt,'%M'),'Total') "Month"
FROM
(
    SELECT user_type,
    (MAKEDATE(YEAR(join_date),1) + INTERVAL (MONTH(join_date)-1) MONTH) dt
    FROM consultant WHERE join_date >= '2014-07-01 00:00:00'
) A GROUP BY dt WITH ROLLUP;

or

SELECT
    SUM(user_type='I')   Individual_Count,
    SUM(user_type='G')   Group_Count,
    IFNULL(DATE_FORMAT(dt,'%M'),'Total') "Month"
FROM
(
    SELECT user_type,
    (MAKEDATE(YEAR(join_date),1) + INTERVAL (MONTH(join_date)-1) MONTH) dt
    FROM consultant WHERE join_date >= '2014-07-01 00:00:00'
) A GROUP BY dt WITH ROLLUP;