Create dump file using Oracle SQL Developer

1. Maybe an error appears in the target database's alert log? Run this:

   SQL> show parameter background_dump_dest
   

   ...and go to the directory given to check the alert_<SID>.log. Or do a trace of the imp session in the target database instance. (Usually the errors appear in the exp / imp output themselves (saved to a log with LOG=log_file.log ) but I assume the export ran file with no warnings and completes with):

   "Export terminated successfully without warnings."
   

   When you are copying the file, are you sure it's not getting corrupted somehow? (md5sum remains the same)

2. Did you try importing into an empty schema so you don't have to set IGNORE=Y? And when you wrote:

   The problem persists with rows=N and with only selected tables from this schema.

Did you mean no matter which one or two tables you choose, it still crashes? Try simulating an import with SHOW=Y?

Depends what you mean by 'from the command line', but you can generate the DDL via the dbms_metadata package (see here for example).

If you want the data as well then you'd then have to roll your own, unless you find a generic script somewhere on the web. Automating the script with dynamic SQL and the data disctionary is certainly possible - it's what SQL*Developer must do ultimtately - it will just need some work to get right, and to handle things like embedded quotes. No quick fix I'm afraid.