If I understand your requirements correctly....
I would just use the natural key, LanguageCode-CultureCode ("en-US," for example). It's small enough. (I'm using the entire "en-US" as the primary key to differentiate it from "en-GB," for example.)
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Language](
[Language] [char](2) NOT NULL,
[Culture] [char](2) NOT NULL,
[LanguageCode] AS (([Language]+'-')+[Culture]) PERSISTED NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Language] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[Language] ASC,
[Culture] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY],
CONSTRAINT [LanguageCode] UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED
(
[LanguageCode] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Language_Text](
[LanguageID] [varchar](5) NOT NULL,
[LanguageCode] [varchar](5) NOT NULL,
[LanguageName] [nvarchar](20) NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Language_Text] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[LanguageID] ASC,
[LanguageCode] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Language_Text] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Language_Text_Language] FOREIGN KEY([LanguageCode])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Language] ([LanguageCode])
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Language_Text] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Language_Text_Language]
GO
This should allow you to get all articles in en or sv, and you can also query for en-US or sv-SE. Presumably, although it wasn't in your example, you could also query for en-CA, fr-CA, en, fr, or CA.
Edit--I'm sorry, you're right, no search by Culture in my old code. Revamped above, sorry. Here's a sample of content:
Language:
Language-Culture-LanguageCode
en US en-US
sv SE sv-SE
Language_Text:
LanguageID-LanguageCode-LanguageName
en-US en-US English
en-US sv-SE Engelska
sv-SE en-US Swedish
sv-SE sv-SE Svenska
Searching by Culture (Canada):
SELECT test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageID, test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageCode, test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageName
FROM test.dbo.Language_Text INNER JOIN
test.dbo.Language ON test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageID = test.dbo.Language.LanguageCode
WHERE (test.dbo.Language.Culture = 'CA')
Searching by Language (French):
SELECT test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageID, test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageCode, test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageName
FROM test.dbo.Language_Text INNER JOIN
test.dbo.Language ON test.dbo.Language_Text.LanguageID = test.dbo.Language.LanguageCode
WHERE (test.dbo.Language.Language = 'fr')
Searching by LanguageCode (Swedish):
SELECT LanguageName
FROM [test].[dbo].[Language_Text]
where (LanguageID = 'sv-SE')
Best Answer
Real world financial transactions do not follow simple assumptions such as "the client will make one payment per month".
Make a
TRANSACTION
table that records money coming in and money going out along with the details of that transaction, such as where the money came from (which client), where the money went to (which loan), and importantly when this happened (the date). You might want to consider adding a transaction type to provide extra information, with values like "loan", "payment", "adjustment" etc.