Due to the (good) edit of the question, the answer does not seem fit 100% anymore.
No.
...which depends on what you define as a 'mobile device'. But first, the term resolution is ambiguously used which requires to answer your question in two ways.
Resolution as in pixel density
The iPad 3rd Generation has a pixel density of 264 pixels per inch (ppi). There are several other devices that provide higher pixel densities - the most well known to you is probably the iPhone 4(S).
As these belong to the mobile category, the answer is no.
iPad 3rd Gen 9.7" 2048×1536 264
iPhone/iPod touch 4,4S 3.5" 640×960 326
Rezound 4.3" 720×1280 342 (HTC)
Touch Diamond, Touch Pro 2.8" 480×640 286 (HTC)
Touch Diamond2 3.2" 480×800 292 (HTC)
LG Optimus LTE 4.5" 720×1280 329 (LG)
LU1400 2.8" 480×800 333 (LG)
You can get a list of more devices here.
Resolution as in total pixel count
The display of the iPad 3rd generation is referred to as QXGA (2048×1536). There are several other devices that provide higher pixel counts - e.g. the Apple iMac.
However, none of the following devices are 'mobile'. They provide higher pixel counts, but over a larger area. Hence, the answer is yes.
See this list of common resolutions for more devices. Note: Some of the resolutions stated there are only on paper - no devices implementing that resolution have been made yet according to the article.
Sony GDM-FW900 and Hewlett Packard A7217A 2304×1440 3,317,760
Dell UltraSharp U2711, Apple iMac (WQHD) 2560×1440 3,686,400
Dell Ultrasharp U3011 (WQXGA) 2560×1600 4,096,000
You will still be able to see the defect.
What retina means is that once two items with similar contrast get close enough together, you can't tell them apart - it appears to be one item.
Along a line, for instance, you can't tell where each pixel that makes the line is, but you can clearly see the edge created by the line on the contrasting background.
A dead pixel creates a contrast you'll be able to see. If you have two dead pixels next to each other, you might think you only have one. But you will be able to see them if the pixels surrounding them contrast.
Best Answer
Since that would be almost 200,000 pixels, I do not think they are dead or stuck, at least not in the traditional sense. I'd say there is something else that's broken.