Numbers not sorting dates correctly

Your dates might not be recognized as dates by Numbers.

In my case, Numbers does not offer dd/mm/yyyy as one of the standard date format and I have to define a custom format for that pattern. (Not sure, if that applies in your case: The date must be entered according to your locale settings - I can set "dd/mm/yyyy" as the date format, but I have to enter it as "dd.mm.yyyy" on my German system.)

Using the sort & filter window then works well on the formatted dates.

How about this, assuming the dates are in column B of Table 1. The MATCH function returns 3, the location of 9/30, which is the date before the match. Add 1. Then use INDEX to get the value of cell 4.

INDEX(Table 1::B,MATCH(NOW(),Table 1::B)+1)